Escalating Threat Levels of Bacterial Infection Can Be Discriminated by Distinct MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Dynamics in Single Host Cells

？ Live-cell imaging reveals heterogeneity in host signaling during infection ？ NF-κB and JNK dynamics vary with bacterial location, pathogenicity, and replication ？ Activation of JNK is a signature of an escalation in bacterial threat leve