Adaptive Strategies of the Candidate Probiotic E. coli Nissle in the Mammalian Gut

？ Carbohydrate availability in the gut drives E. coli Nissle adaptation in vivo ？ Gut monocolonization selects for glycosyl hydrolases enabling population cross-feeding ？ Mutations that enhance mucin utilization are enriched in low-diversity guts ？ Prior antibiotic exposure in conventional guts can lead to evolved probiotic resistanc