Reviviscence of Biological Wastewater Treatment – A Review

Biological treatment remains one of the most eco-friendly and cost-effective techniques to eliminate pollutants from wastewater in spite of the development of other technologies such as chemical treatment methods and advanced oxidation processes. This paper discusses briefly the main features and recent advances of wastewater treatment (WT). Some future trends are also viewed. Membrane Bioreactor (MBR), Moving Bed Bioreactor (MBBR), and Fixed Bed Bioreactors (FBBR) are largely employed techniques in WT particularly for industrial uses with an elevated biochemical oxygen demand charge like food and beverages, dairy, chemical, leachate and others. Integrations of minutely anaerobic and aerobic methods importantly improved the elimination of specific and non-specific in vitro toxicities. Therefore, optimizing biological WT may conduct to a considerably ameliorated detoxification. Surplus sludge treatment and disposal are regarded as an increasing defy for wastewater treatment plants (WTTPs) because of economic, environmental and regulatory elements. There is thus a fundamental need in expanding procedures for decreasing sludge generation in biological WT processes. Great attention for minimizing sludge formation occurs following procedures founded on mechanisms of lysis-cryptic growth, uncoupling metabolism, maintenance metabolism, and bacterivorous predation. On the other hand, heavy metals presence in wastewater still constitute a handicap for large acceptance of this technology based on cultivating bacteria for organic matter removal