Physicochemical Analysis of Underground Water in Zaria Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria

This study indicates the physicochemical analysis of borehole water in Zaria metropolis of Kaduna State. 25 boreholes were used which were randomly selected. The study areas include Zaria city, Sabon-Gari, Jos road, Danmagaji, and GRA Zaria and a total of 25 water samples from the pumped boreholes water were collected from these areas and labeled (A 1 - A 5), (B 1 – B 5), (C 1 – C 5), (D 1– D 5) and (E 1 – E 5) respectively. The result obtained revealed that: all samples has moderate temperature of 27-29°C. However, the pH results showed that only 5 samples were highly alkaline with pH values above 7.0 while the remaining 20 are slightly acidic. Sample A5 shows the highest electrical conductivity of 1788Ns while sample C 3 and C 4 has the least values of 41us and 37us respectively. The remaining 22 have irregular conduction values. Similarly, the results of the total hardness show that Zaria city has the highest hardness while Jos road has the least hardness. The remaining 19 show varied hardness. The result of the total dissolved solid (TDS) showed that all the water samples used for this study has little or more dissolved solids with A 5 being the highest (682mg/l) and C 4 the least (20.2mg/l). In conclusion, all the borehole samples failed to meet the zero coliform per 100ml set by WHO. The study therefore recommends that members of these communities should as much as possible ensure they purify their borehole water before consumption.