Calpain 10 Gene Polymorphism and Its Association in Cardiomyopathy and Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is genetically defined as a complex disease caused by the interaction of environment and genes, which are located in different regions from the human genome. Cardiomyopathy, a prominent cardiovascular complication, has been recognized as a micro vascular disease that may lead to heart failure. Calpain 10 (CAPN10) is a susceptibility gene for the disease, located in 2q37.3. Calpains are non-lysosomal calcium dependent cysteine proteases that participate in insulin secretion and action. Polymorphisms in the calpain- 10 gene have been shown to increase the risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiomyopathy. In this research, it has been postulated that SNP- 19 of CAPN10 gene was associated with T2DM and cardiomyopathy. It has been analyzed 30 diabetic patients, 20 cardiomyopathy patients and 10 healthy controls. CAPN10 SNP-19 (Insertion/deletion) polymorphism genotyping was done by PCR. The results showed association of SNP19 with T2DM (χ2 = 13.19 & p = 0.001) and cardiomyopathy (χ2 = 5.00 & p = 0.029). In conclusion, results from the present study indicate a significant association of SNP19 in CAPN10 gene to T2DM and cardiomyopathy.