The jugular venous pulse (JVP) waveform provides an insight into right heart function, and its assessment is important in patients with heart failure. However, the conventional pulse-transducer (contact) method for monitoring this waveform is not frequently used because it requires a high degree of skill. The aim of this study was to confirm the effectiveness of a prototype non-contact system that employs microwave radar (24 GHz, 7 mW; non-contact system) for JVP measurement. Experiments were conducted on eight healthy male volunteers (21.88 ± 0.99 years). JVP measurements were compared between the conventional contact method and the proposed non-contact method. Change in JVP waveform was measured in response to an angle of reclining in five steps from the supine position to 75° of elevation. The obtained JVP measurements were similar between the two methods. Because in the non-contact method the faint pulsation of the JVP is not suppressed by the pressure of a sensor placed on the skin, the prototype microwave radar system is particularly suitable for evaluating the JVP waveform.
References
[1]
Harada, D., Aasanoi, H., Ushijima, R., Noto, T., Takagawa, J., Ishise, H. and Inoue, H. (2018) Impact of Right Ventricular Distensibility on Congestive Heart Failure with Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in the Elderly. Heart and Vessels, 33, 605-614. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00380-017-1092-2
[2]
Taniguchi, T., Sakata, Y., Ohtani, T., Mizote, I., Takeda, Y., Asano, Y., Masuda, M., Minamiguchi, H., Kanzaki, M., Ichibori, Y., Nishi, H., Toda, K., Sawa, Y. and Komuro, I. (2014) Usefulness of Transient Elastography for Noninvasive and Reliable Estimation of Right-Sided Filling Pressure in Heart Failure. American Journal of Cardiology, 113, 552-558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.10.018
[3]
De Groote, P., Millaire, A., Foucher-Hossein, C., Nugue, O., Marchandise, X., Ducloux, G. and Lablanche, J.M. (1998) Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction Is an Independent Predictor of Survival in Patients with Moderate Heart Failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 32, 948-954.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(98)00337-4
Pavlopoulos, H. and Nihoyannopoulos, P. (2008) Strain and Strain Rate Deformation Parameters: From Tissue Doppler to 2D Speckle Tracking. International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging, 24, 479-491.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-007-9286-9
[6]
Yagel, S., Cohen, S.M., Shapiro, I. and Valsky, D.V. (2007) 3D and 4D Ultrasound in Fetal Cardiac Scanning: A New Look at the Fetal Heart. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 29, 81-95.
https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.3912
[7]
Jagger, J., Perry, J., Parker, G. and Phillips, E.K. (2011) Nursing 2011 Survey Results: Blood Exposure Risk during Peripheral I.V. Catheter Insertion and Removal. Nursing, 41, 45-49.
https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NURSE.0000407678.81635.62
[8]
Green, B. and Griffiths, E.C. (2013) Psychiatric Consequences of Needlestick Injury. Occupational Medicine, 63, 183-188. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqt006
[9]
McGee, S.R. (1998) Physical Examination of Venous Pressure: A Critical Review. American Heart Journal, 136, 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8703(98)70175-9
[10]
Braganza, M., Shaw, J., Solverson, K., Vis, D., Janovcik, J., Varughese, R.A., Thakrar, M.V., Hirani, N., Helmersen, D. and Weatherald, J. (2019) A Prospective Evaluation of the Diagnostic Accuracy of the Physical Examination for Pulmonary Hypertension. Chest, 155, 982-990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2019.01.035
[11]
Metkus, T.S. and Kim, B.S. (2015) Bedside Diagnosis in the Intensive Care Unit: Is Looking Overlooked? Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 12, 1447-1450. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201505-271OI
[12]
Applefeld, M.M. (1990) The Jugular Venous Pressure and Pulse Contour. In: Walker, H.K., Hall, W.D. and Hurst, J.W., Eds., Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations, 3rd Edition, Butterworths, Boston, Chapter 19.
[13]
Gilreath, A., DeVesty, G., Stone, D., Lee Allen, C. and Pravikoff, D. (2016) Nursing Practice and Skill—Jugular Venous Pressure: Measuring. CINAHL Information Systems, Glendale, 1-4.
https://www.ebscohost.com/assets-sample-content/NRC_NPS_Measuring_Jugular_ Venous_Pressure.pdf
[14]
Suzuki, S., Matsui, T., Kawahara, H., Ichiki, H., Shimizu, J., Kondo, Y., Gotoh, S., Yura, H., Takase, B. and Ishihara, M. (2009) A Non-Contact Vital Sign Monitoring System for Ambulances Using Dual-Frequency Microwave Radars. Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, 47, 101-105.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-008-0408-x
[15]
Suzuki, S., Matsui, T., Kagawa, M., Asao, T. and Kotani, K. (2013) An Approach to a Non-Contact Vital Sign Monitoring Using Dual-Frequency Microwave Radars for Elderly Care. Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 6, 704-711. https://doi.org/10.4236/jbise.2013.67086
[16]
Sun, G., Matsui, T., Watai, Y., Kim, S., Kirimoto, T., Suzuki, S. and Hakozaki, Y. (2018) Vital-SCOPE: Design and Evaluation of a Smart Vital Sign Monitor for Simultaneous Measurement of Pulse Rate, Respiratory Rate and Body Temperature for Patient Monitoring. Journal of Sensors, 2018, Article ID: 4371872.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4371872
[17]
Suzuki, S., Matsui, T., Sugawara, K., Asao, T. and Kotani, K. (2011) An Approach to Remote Monitoring of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) Using Microwave Radar during a Calculation Task. Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 30, 241-249. https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa2.30.241
[18]
Suzuki, S., Matsui, T., Imuta, H., Uenoyama, M., Yura, H., Ishihara, M. and Kawakami, M. (2008) A Novel Autonomic Activation Measurement Method for Stress Monitoring: Non-Contact Measurement of Heart Rate Variability Using a Compact Microwave Radar. Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, 46, 709-714.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-007-0298-3
[19]
Telecommunications Bureau of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (1990) Radio Wave Protection Guidelines. Telecommunication Technology Council Report: Consultation No. 38th Radio Wave Use and Protection Guidelines for the Human Body (Japanese).
https://www.tele.soumu.go.jp/resource/j/material/dwn/guide38.pdf
[20]
Lilly, M.D. and Leonard, S. (2015) Pathophysiology of Heart Disease: An Introduction to Cardiovascular Medicine. 6th Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia.
[21]
Sahani, A.K., Shah, M.I., Joseph, J. and Sivaprakasam, M. (2016) Carotid and Jugular Classification in ARTSENS. IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, 20, 440-449.
https://doi.org/10.1109/JBHI.2015.2403283
