初中化学教材中实验的比较研究——以“人教版”和“鲁教版”为例 A Comparative Study of Experimental Contents in Junior High School Chemistry Textbooks—Taking the Textbooks Published by People’s Education Press and Shandong Education Press as Examples
化学实验是学生探索物质性质和反应现象的内容载体，对化学教材中的实验进行对比研究具有重要意义。本文采用文献研究法、对比分析法对人民教育出版社(简称“人教版”)和山东教育出版社(简称“鲁教版”)初中化学教材中的实验进行对比研究。在阐述了教材比较研究的现状后，对两个版本教材中的实验进行分类，从数量上进行总体分析；根据五类实验的目的、难度及数量等因素进行详细的对比分析，发现人教版和鲁教版教材各有优劣。建议教材编写者多设计一些激发学生兴趣的实验、给出简单的实验图示或引导；建议中学教师多参考不同教材，充分利用不同教材的实验，物尽其用，收获更多。
Chemical experiments in textbooks are the content carriers for students to explore material properties and reaction phenomena, thus it is of great significance to carry out comparative study on experiments in chemical textbooks. This paper makes a comparative study of the experiments in junior high school chemistry textbooks for Grade 9 between People’s Education Press (PEP) and Shandong Education Press (SEP) by means of literature research and comparative analysis. After expounding the current situation of comparative study of teaching materials, the experiments in the two versions of teaching materials are classified and analyzed in quantity. According to the purpose, difficulty and quantity of the five kinds of experiments, a detailed comparative analysis is made. Furthermore, the differences and advantages and disadvantages between the compilation of PEP and SEP are obtained. It is suggested that the textbook compilers design more experiments to stimulate students’ interest, and give simple experimental illustrations or guidance. We sincerely proposed that teachers can refer to different textbooks and make full use of the experiments in different textbooks so as to let all things serve their proper purpose.
