Introduction: Acute
Respiratory Infections (ARI) is a global public health priority. It is the
leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality, especially in developing
countries. The main objective of this work was to look mainly at the
bacteriological aspects of ARI in children in Senegalese hospitals. Methodology: We have been conducted a prospective descriptive mono-centric study over a
period of one year (from July 1, 2017 to June 30, 2018) at the Albert Royer
National child hospital in Dakar. A multiplex PCR (protein chain reaction) has
been performed on nasopharyngeal swabs taken from all patients. This technique
(viral RNA transcribed into DNA, then the DNA of the different pathogens is
simultaneously amplified in the same tube by PCR Fast-tract®, multiplex). Results: During the study period, 109 patients were included. The hospital
prevalence of acute respiratory infections was 3.7%. The mean age was 23.7 months with extremes between 1 month and 144 months. Peaks of consultations were found in the months of August, March and
April with 22%, 15.6% and 12.8% respectively. Fever, respiratory distress and
pulmonary condensation syndrome were the main signs found in our patients.
Bacteriology was positive in 82.6% of samples and the most frequently found
bacteria were Streptococcus pneumoniae in 38.5%, Haemophilus influenza b in
32.1% and Moraxella catarrhalis in
25.7%. Pneumonia was the main diagnosis, found in 61 cases, a prevalence of
59.9%. The average length of hospitalization
was 10 days. Lethality was 1.8% or 2 cases. Conclusion: Acute
Respiratory Infections in children still remains a public health problem in
developing countries; children under 5 years of age are the most
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