Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a current major source of hematopoietic
stem cells (HSCs) for cell transplantation therapy. Cell transplantation with
HSCs derived from UCB is advantageous over transplantation with HSCs from adult
tissues. However, the low number of HSC derived from a single unit of UCB
limits its application. Thus, ex vivo expansion is a good option to create more UCB HSCs for clinical application.
The strategies for HSC expansion in vitro focus on mimicking the composition and structure of HSC natural niche by
enhancing self-renewal and inhibiting lineage differentiation of HSCs. In the
past decade, the mechanisms of the interaction between HSC and the natural
niche have been deeply investigated. This great progress in basic research has
led to advancements in UCB HSC ex vivo expansion. In addition, the biological characteristics of the originally isolated UCB
HSCs correlate with outcome of subsequent ex vivo expansion. In this paper, we summarize the late progress achieved
in isolation and ex vivo expansion of
UCB HSCs. Importantly, we attempt to provide an impact and practicable
procedure to expand UCB HSC in vitro from isolation of original HSCs to identification of expanded HSCs.
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