口译经验与工作记忆的双向关系——相关实证文献述评
The Two-Way Relationship between Interpreting Experience and Working Memory—A Review of Empirical Evidence

DOI: 10.12677/ML.2021.91027, PP. 187-194

Keywords: 口译经验，工作记忆，优势效应，调节因素
Interpreting Experience, Cognitive Control, Superiority Effects, Moderating Factors

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Abstract:

工作记忆对口译认知资源分配具有重要作用。大量的语言控制、加工控制和语境控制可能强化译员的工作记忆系统。本文梳理了学界对于口译员工作记忆优势假设的证实和证伪，总结了相关的横向研究、纵向研究、系统回顾和荟萃分析，讨论了已有的研究对象、方法设计、工具变量、研究发现等内容。梳理发现了工作记忆与口译经验之间塑造与被塑造关系，挖掘了影响口译员工作记忆优势出现的语言和非语言经验调节因素，并对未来研究提出了建议。译员工作记忆优势的相关研究不仅对于口译认知理论、实践、教学具有建构意义，且有助于探讨译员群体的认知发展、认知储备、认知衰退等议题。
Working memory plays an important role in the allocation of attentional resources for language interpreters. Frequent language, processing and contextual control may strengthen the interpre-ter’s working memory system. This article aims to review the verification and falsification of the interpreter’s working memory advantage hypothesis by summarizing related cross-sectional and longitudinal research, systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The research scope, designs, methods, materials, variables, and findings of existing literature were discussed. The overall conclusion points to how interpreting experience can shape and be shaped by superior working memory, although the emergence of interpreters’ memory advantages is moderated by various linguistic and non-linguistic factors. Suggestions for future research have been made. This line of research not only has constructive significance for the theory, practice, and pedagogy of interpreting as a cognitive process, but also sheds light on broader issues, such as the cognitive development, reserve and decline of language interpreters.

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