基于多元统计分析的澜沧江下游水质时空分布研究
Spatial-Temporal Distribution of Water Quality in the Lower Lancang River Based on Multivariate Statistical Analysis

DOI: 10.12677/JWRR.2021.101006, PP. 53-62

Keywords: 多元统计分析，水质，时空变化，澜沧江，综合污染指数法
Multivariate Statistical Analysis, Water Quality, Temporal-Spatial Variation, Lancang River, Comprehensive Pollution Index Method

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Abstract:

本文选取澜沧江下游糯扎渡、景洪库区至出境前关累河段8个断面，于2018年分丰平枯三季对该河段水体进行水质采样和实验检测，结果数据采用综合污染指数法和聚类分析进行水质评价以及时空差异研究。结论认为：1) 澜沧江下游水质达到Ⅲ类水环境标准，高锰酸钾指数、COD及BOD5浓度枯水期大于丰水期，氨氮、总氮和总磷浓度丰水期大于枯水期。空间聚类分析将8个断面分为三个聚类组，分别为景洪库区、糯扎渡库区及关累断面，其中景洪库区水质优于糯扎渡库区，关累断面水质最差，表明大坝对污染物具有一定的阻拦效应，关累断面水质受人类活动及经济社会发展影响较大。2) 季节分布上，澜沧江下游水质状况枯水期最优，丰水期最差，COD与BOD5可能是水质的主要限制因子。对比建坝前后水质状况，说明梯级电站建设不会导致水质恶化。以上结果可为水库环境管理及调控提供科学依据，亦可作为国际河流环境外交的文献参考。
In this paper, eight sections were selected from Nuozhadu, Jinghong reservoir area to Guanlei in the lower reaches of the Lancang River to conduct water quality sampling and experimental detection for the high, normal, low flow seasons in 2018. The result data were evaluated by using the Comprehensive Pollution Index method and Cluster Analysis as well as the spatiotemporal difference study. Results show that: 1) the water quality reaches the standard III in the downstream of Lancang River; Potassium Permanganate Index, COD and BOD5 concentrations in dry season were higher than those in wet season, and Ammonia Nitrogen, Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus concentrations in wet season were higher than those in dry season. The GuanLei section has the worst water quality and the dam has a certain blocking effect on pollutants, which are greatly influenced by human activities and the economic and social development. 2) The water quality in the lower reaches of Lancang River is the best in the dry season and the worst in the wet season, and COD and BOD5 may be the main limiting factors of water quality. Comparison of water quality before and after dam construction shows that cascade hydropower station construction will not lead to deterioration of water quality. The above results could act as scientific basis for reservoir control and management, and also as a reference for international river environmental diplomacy.

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