Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women in the world.
The recrudescence of dysplastic lesions is increasing, especially in developing
countries, because of the absence of screening. The objective of this work is
to determine the prevalence of dysplastic lesions of the cervix in women who
are sexually active in South Kivu province. Methods: It was a
cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study of 625 women who came for
gynecological consultation, all of whom had cervical-uterine Pap smears, during
the period from January 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2018 at Panzi General
Referral Hospital (South Kivu, DR Congo). Data analysis was done using Epi Info
software version 7. Results: The median age of the respondents was 34
years, 47.0% of them were married, and 59.0% had a low socio-economic level.
The majority had first sexual intercourse between the ages of 15 and 20
(67.5%), a number of former sexual partners estimated at 1 - 5 (87.8%), did not
use tobacco (97.4%) and did not use contraception (78.1%). Pap smear was normal
in 82.88% of cases, inflammatory in 2.4% of cases and with cytologic
abnormalities in 14.72% of cases. Rates of dysplastic lesions were
significantly higher among women aged ≥35 years (p = 0.0245), brides (p =
0.0183) and nulliparas (p = 0.0042). Multivariate analysis revealed the
adjusted OR (95% CI) statistically insignificant (p < 0.05) for the age
group, marital status and parity respondents. Conclusion: Cervical
cancer remains a real scourge in the world, especially in sub-Saharan Africa,
where the diagnosis is often made when the pathology is at its stage almost
incurable. Early detection of dysplastic lesions by Pap smear is therefore
imperative in the eradication of this pathology.
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