新生代农民工市民化进程中群体特征、现实困境及改革路向
Group Characteristics, Practical Difficulties and Reform Direction of the New Generation of Migrant Workers in the Process of Citizenization

新生代农民工群体规模持续扩大，有利于我国城市化的发展，但随着对物质、精神双重需求的增加，与之相应的是社会供给结构失调所造成的群体融合成为难题，主要由于新生代农民工群体仍然处于“相对弱势”地位，群体融合过程中收入水平、价值层面，群体排斥、生活理念上的差异导致身份认同感知较低。从群体特征看，新生代农民工向技术性和经营性工作转变、城市认同大于农村认同、更多追求自我价值实现这三个主要特征；从制度困境看，户籍制度僵化及租住房福利覆盖面不足，制约新生代农民市民化进程。因此，要增加社会群体包容度，提升新生代农民工群体被接纳程度；扩大农民工就业机会，提升农民工薪资待遇；打造一体式城乡户籍制度改革体系；依托中心城市辐射带动周边中心城市，提升中小城市吸引力，保障新生代农民工基本生活权益。
The scale of the new generation of migrant workers continues to expand, which is conducive to the development of China’s urbanization. However, with the increase of material and spiritual needs, the group integration caused by the imbalance of social supply structure has become a problem. The main reason is that the new generation of migrant workers is still in a relatively weak position. In the process of group integration, the income level, value level, group exclusion, the differences in the concept of rejection and life lead to a lower sense of identity. From the perspective of group characteristics, the new generation of migrant workers has three main characteristics: technical and managerial work, transformation, increasing sense of city identity from rural identity, and greater pursuit of self-value realization. From the perspective of institutional predicament, the rigidity of household registration system and the inadequate coverage of rental housing benefits restrict the process of citizenization of new generation farmers. Therefore, the society should accept migrant workers to a higher degree, create more jobs and increase the salaries, create an integrated urban and rural household registration reform system, rely on the central city to promote the surrounding city center with a purpose of enhancing the attractiveness of small and medium-sized cities and thus ensuring the basic rights and interests of new generation of migrant workers.