基于粘弹性材料H-N模型的声学参数优化研究

利用有限元软件建立粘弹性材料的声学模型（H-N模型），研究宽频段（300～20 000 Hz）下H-N模型的声学参数对粘弹性材料吸声性能和隔声性能的影响规律。结果表明：随着与损耗峰宽度相关的参数（α）的增大，材料的吸声性能和隔声性能先提高后降低，α为0.35和0.2时，材料的吸声性能和隔声性能分别最优；随着与损耗峰对称性相关的参数（β）和高频端玻璃态平台区模量（E∞）的增大，材料的隔声性能均降低，吸声性能均先提高后降低，β为0.2和E∞为100 MPa时，材料的吸声性能均最优；随着低频端橡胶态平台区模量（E0）和与温度相关的松弛时间（t）的增大，材料的吸声性能和隔声性能均降低。粘弹性材料各声学参数对其吸声性能和隔声性能的影响规律可以为宽频段粘弹性材料的配方设计提供声学理论依据。;The acoustic model（H-N model） of viscoelastic materials was established by using the finite element software.The influence of the acoustic parameters in H-N model on the sound absorption and sound insulation performance of viscoelastic materials in a wide frequency range （300～20 000 Hz） was studied.The results showed that with the increase of the parameter（α） related to the loss peak width，the sound absorption performance and sound insulation performance of the material increased first and then decreased.When α was 0.35 and 0.2，the sound absorption performance and sound insulation performance of the material were optimal respectively.With the increase of the parameter（β） related to the loss peak symmetry and the parameter（E∞） of the modulus of the glassy platform area at the high frequency end，the sound insulation performance of the material both decreased，the sound absorption performance both increased first and then decreased.When β was 0.2 and E∞ was 100 MPa，the sound absorption performance of the material was the best.With the increase of the parameter（E0） of the modulus of rubbery platform at low frequency end and the parameter（t） of the relaxation time related to temperature，the sound absorption performance and sound insulation performance of the material both decreased.The influence rule of acoustic parameters of viscoelastic materials on their sound absorption and sound insulation properties could provide acoustic theoretical basis for the formulation design of viscoelastic materials in wide frequency band