阴/阳离子表面活性剂复配改性粘土/橡胶纳米复合材料的结构与性能

采用阴离子表面改性剂十二烷基磺酸钠（SDS）与阳离子表面改性剂十八烷基三甲基溴化铵（STAB）复配改性粘土，制备有机粘土/橡胶纳米复合材料，考察其结构和性能。结果表明：当SDS/STAB质量比为2/4时，有机粘土/丁腈橡胶（NBR）纳米复合材料的综合物理性能最优，STAB的有机阳离子取代无机粘土层间可交换的阳离子，SDS通过碳-氢键与无机粘土层间非极性较强的质点发生范德华力及离子静电吸附作用，获得晶层间距更大的有机粘土；与非极性的丁苯橡胶和天然橡胶相比，极性的NBR使粘土的远程聚集趋势减小和界面吸附作用增强，相应复合材料的物理性能增幅更大。;The inorganic clay was modified by anionic surfactant（SDS） compounded with cationic surfactant（STAB），and the structure and properties of the organic clay/rubber nanocomposites were studied.The results showed that the comprehensive physical properties of organic clay/nitrile-butadiene rubber（NBR） nanocomposites was the best when the SDS/STAB mass ratio was 2/4，the organic clay with greater crystal layer spacing had been got because of the STAB organic cation replaced the exchangeable cation in the interlayer of inorganic clay，while the van der Waals force and ion electrostatic adsorption between SDS and strong nonpolar particle in clay were generated by hydrocarbon bond.The physical properties of organic clay/NBR nanocomposites had a bigger amplification than NBR vulcanizate compared with those of the nonpolar rubber such as styrene butadiene rubber and natural rubber because the clay had a weak remote aggregation and a strong interface adsorption in polar NBR