电动汽车轮胎的发展现状与设计思路

电动汽车是未来汽车的发展趋势，开发电动汽车轮胎迫在眉睫。电动汽车轮胎要求充气压力大，滚动阻力和噪声低，抗湿滑性能好，质量小。对滚动阻力C级以上的轮胎分析得出，低滚动阻力轮胎具有质量较小，胎面胶硬度低、定伸应力大、60 ℃时的损耗因子较小的特点。对抗湿滑性能B级以上的轮胎分析得出，轮胎抗湿滑性能与质量相关性不大，胎面胶生胶应采用纯溶聚丁苯橡胶（SSBR）或其与少量天然橡胶（NR）的并用胶，并保证稍高的填充油用量。从力学分析、结构设计、配方设计分析得出，在不损失胎面胶抗湿滑性能的同时降低滚动阻力是电动汽车轮胎开发的关键，方法有开发合适的胎面花纹，减小轮胎质量，胎面胶采用分子链末端改性SSBR或其与NR的并用胶为生胶，采用白炭黑/硅烷偶联剂为主要补强剂，胎面胶混炼采用恒温混炼工艺，骨架材料采用芳纶帘线等新型的骨架材料等。;Electric vehicles are the development trend of the vehicles in the future，it is urgent to develop electric vehicle tires.Electric vehicle tires require the high internal pressure，low rolling resistance，low noise，good wet skid resistance and smaller tire weight.By analyzing the tires with rolling resistance above class C，we resulted that the tires of low rolling resistance were featured with smaller weight，lower hardness，higher stress at definite elongation，smaller tanδ at 60 ℃.By the analysis for the tires with wet skid resistance above class B，we concluded that the correlation between wet skid resistance and weight of the tire was little，raw rubber in tread compound should adopt pure SSBR or its blend with few NR，and keep the extending oil at a slightly higher level.By the analysis for mechanical analysis，structural design，and compound design，we got the result that the key problem to develop electric vehicle tires was to reduce the rolling resistance without losing wet skid resistance，and the methods to solve that were to develop appropriate tread patterns，reduce the tire weight，adopt SSBR with ends modified or its blend with NR as raw rubber，take silica/silane coupling agent as main filler，use constant temperature mixing process as tread compound mixing process，apply new-type skelonton material，such as aramid cord et al as skeleton materiel