摘要 目的 探讨早产儿血清甲状腺激素水平与出生胎龄之间的关系，以及早产儿甲状腺功能减退的主要类型。 方法 选取2016年1月—2017年10月出生并在生后7～10 d接受甲状腺功能检查的新生儿462例，以早产儿为观察组，根据胎龄不同分为28～31+6周、32～34+6周、35～36+6周组共3组，以37～42周同期出生的正常足月儿为对照组，检测各组的甲状腺功能并进行分析。 结果 出生胎龄不同，早产儿甲状腺功能状态不同。出生胎龄越大，血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）、甲状腺素、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸、游离甲状腺素整体水平越高，而促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平则降低，差异有统计学意义（F=3.064～5.327，Z=4.352、7.243，P<0.05）。352例早产儿中，暂时性低甲状腺素血症共52例，暂时性甲状腺功能减退患儿共14例，高TSH血症共49例，低T3综合征共29例，原发性甲状腺功能减退共7例。 结论 早产儿甲状腺功能与胎龄具有相关性，胎龄越大甲状腺功能越成熟；早产儿甲状腺功能异常最常见的类型可能为暂时性低甲状腺素血症。 Abstract：Objective To investigate the correlation between gestational age and serum levels of thyroid hormones and major types of hypothyroidism in preterm infants. Methods A total of 462 neonates who were born from January 2016 to October 2017 and underwent thyroid function examination within 7-10 days after birth were enrolled. The preterm infants among these neonates were enrolled as observation group, which was further divided into 28-31+6 weeks group, 32-34+6 weeks group, and 35-36+6 weeks group according to gestational age. The normal full-term infants born at 37-42 weeks of gestation were enrolled as control group. Thyroid function was tested and analyzed for each group. Results The preterm infants with different gestational ages had different states of thyroid function. With the increase in gestational age at birth, there were significant increases in the serum levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine, free T3, and free thyroxine and a significant reduction in the level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (F=3.064-5.327,Z=4.352,7.243,P<0.05). Among the 352 preterm infants, 52 had transient hypothyroxinemia, 14 had transient hypothyroidism, 49 had hyperthyrotropinemia, 29 had low T3 syndrome, and 7 had primary hypothyroidism. Conclusion Thyroid function is associated with gestational age in preterm infants. The older the gestational age, the more mature the thyroid function. Transient hypothyroxinemia is the most common type of thyroid dysfunction in preterm infants
