摘要 目的 观察C3、4神经根转位修复C5、6神经后运动功能的恢复情况。 方法 取健康成年SD大鼠60只，随机分为正常组、对照组和实验组。实验组将C3神经根与C5神经根吻合，C4神经根与C6神经根吻合。对照组将右侧C5、6神经根离断，不进行吻合。正常组不进行手术。饲养1、3个月后进行取材，采用电生理、组织学、免疫染色方法观察大鼠神经纤维及靶器官的改变情况。 结果 实验组术后3个月C5、6运动诱发电位潜伏期和波幅与正常组比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。实验组、对照组术后3个月肱二头肌肌湿质量、肌纤维横截面积与正常组比较差异有显著性（F=5.72、7.54,P＜0.05）。实验组术后3个月C5、6有髓神经纤维计数、运动神经纤维计数均较正常组减少，差异有统计学意义（t=2.74～4.61，P＜0.05）。 结论 C3、4神经根转位修复C5、6神经后，受损臂丛神经出现再神经化，上肢运动功能可得到部分恢复。 Abstract：Objective To investigate the recovery of motor function after C3,4 nerve root transposition for C5,6 nerve repair. MethodsA total of 60 healthy adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group, control group, and experimental group, with 20 rats in each group. In the experimental group, C3 nerve root was anastomosed with C5 nerve root, and C4 nerve root was anastomosed with C6 nerve root; in the control group, C5,6 nerve roots were avulsed without repair; no surgery was performed in the normal group. Samples were collected after 1 and 3 months of feeding, and electrophysiology, histology, and immunostaining were used to observe the changes in nerve fibers and target organ. Results At 3 months after surgery, there were no significant differences in the latency and amplitude of motor evoked potential in C5,6 between the experimental group and the normal group (P>0.05). At 3 months after surgery, there were significant differences in the wet weight of the biceps brachii and the cross-sectional area of muscle fibers between the experimental/control group and the normal group (F=5.72,7.54,P<0.05). Compared with the normal group at 3 months after surgery, the experimental group had significant reductions in the numbers of myelinated nerve fibers and motor nerve fibers in C5,6 (t=2.74-4.61,P<0.05). Conclusion After C3,4 nerve root transposition for C5,6 nerve repair, neurotization is observed in the injured brachial plexus, with partial recovery of motor function of the upper extremities
