Prevalence of Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes in Oke-Ogun Region of Oyo State, Nigeria

Background: Oke-Ogun consists of 10 Local Government of Oyo State, Nigeria. Although literature abounds on prevalence of diabetes in Nigeria, there is none in this geo-political zone. There appears to be a high genetic predisposition as well as socio-cultural factors responsible for the prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in this zone. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes and associated socio-demographic characteristics among indigenes of Oke-Ogun. Method: Of the 10,000 respondents who participated in the study, 6,915 had completed data. Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) was measured using calibrated glucometers and classified thus; normal (≤ 6 mmol/l), pre-diabetes (6.1-6.9 mmol/l), and diabetes (≥ 7 mmol/l). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square and binary logistic regression tests at value of p<0.05. Results: There was a female preponderance for diabetes and pre-diabetes. Majority, 63.4% had no formal education, 82.9% earned less than NGN 18,000 ($50) per monthly income. The mean FPG was 5.50 ± 2.20 mmol/l. The overall prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in the study were 4.6% and 6.0% respectively. Conclusion: This study shows high prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes among residents of Oke-Ogun. DM is more common in the females, and in those below the age of 61 years. The high pre-diabetes prevalence might imply an impending diabetes epidemic among the indigene of Oke-Ogun. Family history of diabetes, a surrogate of genetics is an important association of DM in the study. A large proportion of the residents were in abject poverty, a critical factor to be considered in their management.