Plant regeneration through direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis from immature seeds of citrus

In this study, the effects of various media on callus induction and direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis from immature seeds of Eureka lemon [Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f. (‘Eureka’)] was examined. Immature seeds were cultured on MS medium supplemented with the following compositions: N1 (500 mg l？1 malt extract + 30 g l？1 sucrose), N2 (500 mg l？1 malt extract + 50 g l？1 sucrose), and N3 (500 mg l？1 malt extract + 50 g l？1 sucrose + 3 mg l？1 BA). Maximum embryogenesis (direct and indirect), highest level of embryogenic callus induction, and embryo maturation were achieved in the N3 medium. The callus obtained in this medium was friable and creamy. The least embryogenic callus and non-maturity of embryos were observed in the N1 medium, and the callus obtained was compact and light green. Plantlets were regenerated from the embryos 2 months after their transfer to the germination medium without any growth regulators but with the addition of 50 g l？1 sucrose