实际施工人主张工程价款优先受偿权之合法性初探
On the Legitimacy of the Construction Project PriorityClaimed by the Actual Constructor

目前国内建设工程领域内，发包人利用市场优势地位，拖欠承包人工程价款、强制承包人垫资施工的情形屡见不鲜。工程价款优先受偿权(下文中简称“优先受偿权”)作为《合同法》第286条赋予承包人实现工程价款债权最有力的武器，却在权利主体上进行了严格的限缩性把握，其仅承认与工程所有人即发包人签订有效施工合同的承包人享有优先受偿权。如此这般，转包、违法分包、挂靠等情形下实际施工人工程价款债权的实现并不能得到充分保护。虽然现行法对实际施工人是否享有优先受偿权问题采消极态度，但从法理角度来看，赋予实际施工人优先受偿权以及明确实际施工人可通过代位权制度主张优先受偿权具有合理性及可行性。
At present, in the field of domestic construction, it is common for the employer to make use of the dominant position in the market to default on the project price of the contractor and force the contractor to advance funds for construction. As the most powerful weapon for the contractor to realize the credit of the project—the Construction Project Priority (hereinafter referred to as “priority right”) is imposed strict subject restriction by Article 286 of the contract law, which only admits that the contractor who has signed an effective construction contract with the owner of the project is entitled to the priority right. In this way, under the circumstances of subcontracting, illegal subcontracting, affiliation and so on, the realization of the construction cost creditor’s rights of the actual constructor cannot be fully protected. Although the current law takes a negative attitude on whether the actual construction workers are entitled to the priority right, from the perspective of legal theory, it is reasonable and feasible to give the actual constructors the priority right and to make clear that the actual constructors can claim the priority right through the system of subrogation.