中英时间表征中的空间隐喻对比
A Contrastive Study of Spatial-Temporal Metaphorical Representations in Chinese and English

DOI: 10.12677/ML.2020.86124, PP. 900-904

Keywords: 时空隐喻，空间隐喻，方位词，对外汉语教学
Spatial Words, Spatial-Temporal Metaphor, Spatial Metaphor, TCSOL

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

现代汉语中存在着许多可以表示空间意义又可以表示时间意义的语素，如：“前”、“后”、“上”、“下”、“里”、“内”、“中”、“间”等。按照空间维度的特点可将此类语素分为二维空间语素以及三维空间语素。英语中也有众多含有空间语素的时间表征，但缺少纵向如“上”、“下”表时间。且在部分时间词汇中，空间语素并非以方位词的方式体现，而是多以表空间的介词来体现。通过对比研究发现，中英双语虽在语义层面表达相近，具体表达构式却存在差异。在对外汉语教学中，教师需要认清中英双语中对时空隐喻的认知差异，针对易产生的偏误情况进行讲解与练习。
Ample studies have shown that the understanding and mental representation of time by both English and Chinese speakers are accomplished through the mapping of spatial concepts. There are several words in Chinese spatial words system can represent both spatial meaning and time meaning, like “Qian, Hou, Shang, Xia, Li, Nei, Zhong, Jian”. This means that people have transferred time and space orientation words to carry out a metaphor. This article compares the differences and commonalities between the space metaphors used in English and Chinese by dividing the words into two-dimensional words and three-dimensional words, explain the specific details and characteristics of English and Chinese spatial-temporal metaphor. Based on the comparison, the paper proposes suggestions for teachers who teach Chinese to English speakers.

References

[1]	Lakoff, G. and Johnson, M. (1980) Metaphors We Live by.
[2]	Clark, H.H. (1973) Space, Time, Semantics and the Child. In: Moore, T.E., Ed., Cognitive Development and the Acquisition of Language, Academic Press, New York, 27-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-505850-6.50008-6
[3]	方经民. 汉语空间方位参照的认知结构[J]. 世界汉语教学,1990(4): 32-38.
[4]	陈光明. 英、汉语“前/后”时间指向的多任务实证研究——兼谈时间认知“左/右”维度的心理现实性[J]. 语言教学与研究, 2018, 191(3): 29-38.
[5]	李恒, 张积家. 汉、英讲话者对“前”、“后”时空隐喻的偏好及其成因[J]. 外语与外语教学, 2017(1): 42-48.
[6]	宋蕾. 浅谈汉英语言中表时的“前/后”与对外汉语教学[J]. 外语教学研究, 2019(1): 41-45.
[7]	蔡淑美. 现代汉语“前、后”时间指向的认知视角、认知机制及句法语义限制[J]. 当代语言学, 2012(2): 129-144+219-220.
[8]	张建理. 时间隐喻在英汉词汇中的对比研究[J]. 外语与外语教学, 2003(9): 31-34.
[9]	Jackendoff, R. (1983) Semantics and Cognition. MIT Press, Cam-bridge.
[10]	Bender, A. and Beller, S. (2014) Mapping Spatial Frames of Reference onto Time. Cognition, 132, 342-382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2014.03.016
[11]	中国社会科学院语言研究所词典编辑室. 现代汉语词典[M]. 北京: 商务印刷馆, 2016.
[12]	霍恩比. 牛津高阶英汉双解词典[M]. 北京: 商务印刷馆, 2014.
[13]	夸克. 英语语法大全[M]. 上海: 华东师范大学出版社, 1998.

Full-Text