基于语料库的经济贸易隐喻研究——以外交部和美国国务院发言为例
A Corpus-Based Study on Economy and Trade Metaphors—A Case Study on the Speeches by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the U.S. Department of State

DOI: 10.12677/ML.2020.86128, PP. 925-932

Keywords: 语料库，外交话语，经济隐喻，贸易隐喻，认知文化理论
Corpora, Diplomatic Discourse, Economy Metaphor, Trade Metaphor, Cognitive-Cultural Theory

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Abstract:

当代国与国交往中，“经济”和“贸易”是两个很重要的关键词。本文选取2018年1月至2019年12月间外交部与美国国务院官方网站公布的与中美经济贸易话题相关的发言(书面稿)建立语料库，通过检索“economy”和“trade”的隐喻来对比中美外交话语中经济与贸易隐喻模式的异同。结果表明，无论是经济隐喻还是贸易隐喻，中美都倾向于使用“生命体”、“人”、“机械”等作为隐喻的源域；“经济是武器、海洋”及“贸易是疾病、生命体、建筑”只出现在中国语料中；而“经济是植物、疾病、实体”及“贸易是植物”为美国语料所独有。人类先天共同的认知结构和后天不同社会文化环境的塑造，是造成两国经济贸易隐喻既有相似性又有差异性的主要原因。
“Economy” and “trade” are two key words in international exchanges. Based on two corpora containing the speeches relevant to economy and trade topics published respectively by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the U.S. Department of State from January 2018 to December 2019, this paper aims to examine the target domain words “economy” and “trade” and analyze the similarities and differences between Chinese and American economy and trade metaphor patterns. The results show that both corpora tend to use “life”, “human” and “machine” as source domains of economy and metaphors. Metaphors of “economy is weapon or ocean” and “trade is disease, life, or building” only occur in the Chinese corpus, while metaphors of “economy is plant, disease or object” and “trade is plant” are only used in the American corpus. This paper confirms that the common human cognitive structures and the shaping by various social and cultural environments are the main reasons for the similarities and differences in economy and trade metaphors between Chinese and American corpora.

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