线纹海马的雌雄个体形态差异分析
Morphological Differences between Male and Female Hippocampus erectus

线纹海马(Hippocampus erectus)是如今海马养殖业热门品种，因其具有高抗病性、繁殖能力强等优势，线纹海马逐渐变成了海马养殖业的首选种。线纹海马在未性成熟前较难分辨雌雄，为了解线纹海马雌雄个体间形态性状的差异，本研究测量及分析了80尾线纹海马5项计量性状及5项标准化性状。对这5项标准化性状进行主成分分析、R-聚类分析，分析得出线纹海马雌雄外部形态差异主要集中在头部和形体特征方面。利用逐步判别分析，从5个标准化性状中筛选出体长：头长、体长：体宽、体长：尾长3个标准化性状并建立了雌雄判别方程式，并将测得样品数据代入方程式重新鉴定，综合准确率为86.25%，经t检验发现，雌雄个体在体长：头长、体长：体宽和体长：尾长上的差异极显著，雄性的体宽、尾长相较于雌性更宽、更长，而雄性的头长相较于雌性则更短。综合此性状差异，可对实现线纹海马快速简便雌雄判别提供一定的方法及理论依据。
Hippocampus erectus is a popular species in hippocampus aquaculture today. Because of its high disease resistance and strong reproductive ability, Hippocampus erectus has gradually become the first choice in hippocampal aquaculture industry. It is difficult to distinguish male from female in Hippocampus erectus before immature. Six quantitative and five standardized traits of 80 Hippocampus erectus were measured and analyzed, in order to understand the difference of morphological characteristics between male and female in Hippocampus erectus. Principal component analysis and R-cluster analysis were used to analyze the five standardized traits. The results showed that the external morphological differences between male and female Hippocampus erectus mainly focused on head and body characteristics. Stepwise discriminant analysis was used to screen out three standardized traits of BL:HL, BL:BW, BL:TaL. The discriminant equation of male and female was established. The measured sample data were re-identified by the equation. The overall accuracy rate was 86.25%. The results of t-test showed that there were significant differences in BL:HL, BL:BW, BL:TaL between males and females. The body width and tail length of males were wider and longer than that of females, while the head length of males was shorter than that of females. By synthesizing the difference of these traits, we can provide a certain method and theoretical basis for realizing quick and simple discrimination between male and female in Hippocampus erectus.