功利主义视角下老年社会工作的伦理困境分析
An Analysis of the Ethical Dilemma of Social Work for the Aged from the Perspective of Utilitarianism

当今社会，随着老龄问题的日益加剧，社会工作在老年人领域扮演着越来越重要的角色。本文阐述了我国老年人口的现状，分析了老年社会工作者在实务过程中遇到一些伦理困境，如多重关系所导致的伦理困境、隐私权和知情权所导致的伦理困境、案主自决和专业家长主义所导致的伦理困境。针对上述伦理困境，本文结合功利主义视角，提出几点伦理困境解决的建议：第一，遵循“最大多数人的最大幸福原则”；第二，遵循“最小伤害原则”；第三，“以结果为导向的社会工作服务方法”，以期社会工作者能够切实支持案主出最佳选择，真正实现案主的福祉。
In today’s society, with the growing problem of aging, social work is playing an increasingly im-portant role in the field of the elderly. This paper expounds the current situation of China’s elderly population and analyzes some ethical dilemmas encountered by elderly social workers in the practical process, such as ethical dilemmas caused by multiple relationships, ethical dilemmas caused by privacy and right to know, ethical dilemmas caused by self-determination of the case owners and professional paternalism. In view of the above ethical dilemmas, this paper puts forward several suggestions to solve the ethical dilemmas from the perspective of utilitarianism: first, follow the principle of “the greatest happiness of the most people”; Second, follow the principle of “minimum damage”; Third, the “results-oriented social work service method” is expected to enable social workers to effectively support clients to make the best choices and truly realize the well-being of clients.