中国民用低空空域发展的现状、问题及对策
The Current Status, Problems and Countermeasures of Low Altitude Airspace Development in Chinese Civil Aviation Industry

民用低空空域作为多类型航空用户交织影响、和谐共生的活动空间，近几年随着通用航空、无人驾驶航空等新兴用户的井喷式发展，已成为当前国家航空领域炙手可热的基础关键资源和稀缺战略资源。根据中国民用航空产业的发展历程与实际情况，本文在阐述低空空域概念内涵及典型用户发展特征的基础上，总体概括了当前民用低空空域顶层规划设计、法律法规建设、理论技术研究和运营服务保障的发展现状，深度挖掘了低空空域资源供给、用户飞行效率、运行监管能力存在的关键瓶颈问题，针对战略、战术和事后层面，分别从低空空域规划设计、运行管理和效果评价视角提出若干推动和促进低空空域产业发展的对策建议，以期为实现各类低空用户“飞起来”、“飞得好”和“管得好”提供参考建议和方向指引。
The low altitude airspace in civil aviation industry is a fly area where multiple types of aviation users coexist and interact with each other in harmony. In recent years, with the rapid development of emerging users such as general aviation and unmanned aviation, the low altitude airspace has become a hot basic resource with key position and strategic scarcity in China. According to the development history and practical situation of Chinese civil aviation industry, this paper studies the concept of low altitude airspace and characteristics of typical aviation users, and provides a systematical review on the development of low altitude airspace, focused on the current status of top-level planning and design, law and regulation construction, theory and technology research, and operational service. Then, three bottleneck problems, including the airspace resource supply, user movement efficiency, and operational supervision capabilities, are deeply analyzed based on the development review. Finally, from the strategic, practical and post-operational levels, several countermeasures and suggestions about low altitude airspace planning and design, operation management and effect evaluation are formulated to promote the development of Chinese low altitude airspace industry. The research in this paper is expected to provide reference suggestions and development directions for realizing the “flying”, “perfect flying” and “perfect management” for multiple aviation users in the national low altitude airspace system.