近岸段海底管道底拖法铺设研究
Study on the Bottom-Drag Method Laying of Offshore Pipeline Nearshore Section

随着国内外海洋油气资源的不断开发和利用，正在规划与建设的海底管道工程越来越多，浅海区海底管道铺设的技术要求也越来越高，需要综合考虑场地条件、地质和地貌条件、环境和水文条件、人文和当地法规、经济可行性等一系列影响因素。由于受到波浪流的作用力小，管道在水中的轨迹容易控制，所以底托法是一种普遍采用的海底管道登陆方法，但是由于牵引力较大，需要考虑合适规格的绞车、钢丝绳、拖拉封头、浮筒等。本文详细介绍了海底管道底托登陆方法的选择、托管力计算、拖拉系统设计、管道系统设计、拖拉索具的连接及布设方法、管道拖拉铺设作业，并对其中的设计参数进行明确，便于今后近岸海底管道铺设的实际应用。
With sustainable development and utilization of marine oil and gas resources at home and abroad, more and more offshore pipeline projects have be planning and building. The technical requirements of offshore pipeline laying in shallow sea area are becoming higher and higher. It is essential to comprehensively consider a series of influencing factors, such as: site conditions, geological and geomorphic conditions, environmental and hydrologic conditions, humanities and local regulations, economic feasibility, etc. Due to weak force of the wave flow, it is easy to control the track of the pipe in the water. Therefore, bottom-drag method is a common method of offshore pipeline landfall. However, due to the large traction force, it is necessary to consider appropriate winch, wire rope, dragging head, buoy, etc. This paper introduces in detail the off shore pipeline bottom-drag method selection, drag system design, pipeline system design, the connection and layout of the drag rigging, the dragging and laying of pipeline, and specifies design parameters of the pipeline so that it is convenient for the practical application of offshore pipeline laying in future.