水力切割法开采高粘、高凝原油实验研究
Experiment Research of Hydraulic Cutting Method for High Viscosity and High-Pour-Point Crude Oil

高粘高凝原油由于其粘度大、凝固点高，一直成为其开采的生产难题，为了解决这个难题，研究人员以及现场工程技术人员提出了诸如加热法、掺化学降粘剂法、掺稀油法、微波加热法、剪切降粘法、乳化法等多种降低高粘、高凝原油粘度、增加其流动性的开采方法。在上述这些方法中，现场上最常用的方法主要是加热法、掺化学降粘剂法和掺稀油法等三种方法，由于上述三种方法都需要额外增加输油成本，加之为后续的炼油增加了难度，因而在规模使用方面受到了多方面的限制。本文在充分研究了高粘、高凝原油粘温特性的基础上，提出了水力切割法开采工艺思路。这种方法通过对高粘、高凝原油的凝固点的精确把握，在其凝固点附近采用高速冷水水力切割高粘、高凝原油，将其切割成细小的原油颗粒或者原油絮状物，这些细小的原油颗粒或者絮状原油漂浮在连续的水相中，以固态或者半固态随着水流被开采至地面。从而解决了高粘、高凝原油低成本开采的难题。这种方法不仅为高粘、高凝原油的开采提供了有效的技术手段，同时大大降低了其开采成本，具有较高的推广应用前景和良好的经济效益。
Due to its high viscosity and high freezing point, high-viscosity and high-pour-point crude oil has always been a production problem for its mining. In order to solve this problem, researchers and on-site engineering have proposed methods such as heating method, chemical viscosity reducer method, thin oil mixing method, microwave heating method, shear viscosity reduction method, emulsification method and many other mining methods to reduce the viscosity of high-viscosity and high-coagulation crude oil and increase its fluidity. Among the above methods, the most commonly used methods on site are mainly heating method, chemical viscosity reducer method and thin oil mixing method. Because the above three methods require additional oil transportation costs, and increased difficulty for subsequent oil refining, it has been restricted in many aspects in terms of scale use. Based on the study of the viscosity-temperature characteristics of high-viscosity and high-pour-point crude oil, this paper puts forward the idea of hydraulic cutting mining technology. This method uses high-speed cold water to hydraulically cut the high-viscosity, high-coagulation crude oil near its freezing point by accurately grasping the freezing point of the high-viscosity and high-point crude oil, and cut it into fine crude oil particles or crude oil floccules. Crude oil particles or flocculent crude oil float in a continuous water phase, and are extracted to the ground in a solid or semi-solid state along with water flow. This solves the problem of low-cost exploitation of high-viscosity and high-pour- point crude oil. This method not only provides effective technical means for the exploitation of high-viscosity and high-pour-point crude oil, but also greatly reduces its exploitation cost, and has a higher prospect of popularization and application and good economic benefits.