ICU医护人员对非限制性探视制度的认知调查
Perceptions of and Attitudes toward Unrestricted Family Visitation among Intensive Care Unit Staff

目的：了解重症监护室内的工作人员对非限制性家属探视制度的认知与态度，以及实行非限制性家属探视制度对患者家属、患者和工作人员的影响。方法：采用自行设计的问卷对山东省青岛市3所三甲公立医院内的8个成人重症监护病房内的工作人员进行描述性调查，评估工作人员对非限制性家属探视制度的看法和态度。结果：对244名ICU医护人员进行调查后，有122名护士不赞成实行非限制性家属探视制度，占总护士人数的60.7%。18名医生不赞成实行非限制性家属探视制度，占总医生人数的41.9%。其中94.4%的医生和90.2%的护士认为非限制性家属探视制度会增加医务人员对家属管理的负担，91.7%的医生和92.6%的护士认为探视家属的手卫生以及隔离措施不合格。93.1%的医生认为会增加工作量。94.3%的护士担心非限制性家属探视制度可能有增加院感的风险。结论：医生比护士更支持在重症监护室内实行非限制性家属探视制度。院内感染的并发症、医务人员生理和心理上的倦怠感可能是重症监护工作人员不赞成非限制性家属探视制度的主要原因。
Purpose: To examine intensive care units staffs’ perceptions of unrestricted visitation and the attitudes toward the effect of unrestricted visiting policy on the patients’ family members, on the patient, and staffs. Methods: To assess the workers’ perception and attitudes toward visitation policy, a descriptive survey was conducted in 8 adult ICUs from 3 public tertiary hospitals in Qingdao of Shandong Province, China. Results: A total of 244 ICU medical staffs were surveyed, 122 (60.7%) of the nurse and 18 (41.9%) of the doctors disagree with the family unrestricted visitation policy. Doctors believed that family unrestricted visitation leads to the families management burdens (94.4%), increased workload (93.1%) and unreliable family member’s hand washing (91.7%). Nurses reported that the risk of an increased rate of infection (94.3%), unreliable family member’s hand washing (92.6%), and family management burdens (90.2%) are the objections to unrestricted visitation. Conclusion: Doctors are more supportive of the unrestricted visitation than nurses. Infectious complications, burnout in physiology and psychology may the main objections for intensive care staffs to family unrestricted visitation policy.