聊城市青少年近视流行病学调查及近视防控
Epidemiological Survey and Prevention and Control of Juvenile Myopia in Liaocheng City

目的：调查2019年聊城市青少年高中生近视发病率，对其影响因素进行分析，并探究其治疗效果，及时进行预防干预治疗。方法：按分层整群随机抽样法选择聊城市5000名高中生为调查对象，调查高中生近视发病率，比较男女近视发病率、近视的程度及分析近视的相关因素，根据调查结果总结近视治疗措施及其治疗效果。结果：聊城市5000名高中生近视发病率为87.6%，比较男生与女生近视发病率，两组差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。低度近视占近视人群30%，中度近视占50%，高度近视占20%。学习时间、户外活动时间、父母近视、是否进行眼保健操及学习环境光线均与近视有相关性。学习时间长短、父母近视及近视度数与近视成正相关，户外活动时间长短及进行眼保健操频率与近视成负相关。近视患者佩戴框架眼镜占90%，佩戴角膜塑形镜者占5%，未行任何治疗者占5%，佩戴框架眼镜及角膜塑形镜者均减缓近视度数进展，但佩戴角膜塑形镜者更佳。结论：2019年聊城市青少年高中生近视发病率较高，多为中度近视，可能与学业重、学习时间长、户外活动时间短、父母近视、近视度数高、学习环境光线太强或太弱有关。早期预防带镜治疗，效果可，及早干预，积极宣教，可减少近视发病率。
Objective: To investigate the incidence rate of myopia among adolescents in Liaocheng in 2019, analyze the influencing factors, and explore the therapeutic effect, and timely conduct preventive intervention. Methods: 5000 high school students in Liaocheng were selected according to stratified cluster random sampling method. The incidence rate of myopia among high school students was investigated. The incidence rate of myopia, the degree of myopia and the related factors of myopia were compared. Results: The incidence rate of myopia among 5000 high school students in Liaocheng was 87.6%, and incidence rate of myopia between boys and girls was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The incidence of myopia in boys and girls was 87.6%. Low myopia accounted for 30%, moderate myopia accounted for 50%, and high myopia accounted for 20%. Learning time, outdoor activity time, parents’ myopia, whether to carry out eye exercises and learning environment light were correlated with myopia. The length of study, parents’ myopia and myopia degree were positively correlated with myopia, while the duration of outdoor activities and the frequency of eye exercises were negatively correlated with myopia. 90% of the myopic patients wear frame glasses, 5% wear orthokeratology lenses, and 5% do not receive any treatment. The patients who wear frame glasses and orthokeratology lenses slow down the progression of myopia, but those who wear orthokeratology lens are better. Conclusion: The incidence rate of myopia in Liaocheng high school students in 2019 is higher, most of them are moderate myopia. It may be related to the long time of study, the short time of outdoor activities, the nearsightedness, the high myopia, the too strong or too weak light of learning environment. Early prevention of treatment with mirror can achieve early intervention and positive education, which can reduce myopia incidence rate.