Start/stop Codon-like Trinucleotides (CLTs) and Extended Clusters as New Language of DNA

Sa？etak DNA nucleotide sequences carry genetic information of different kinds, not just coding instructions for protein synthesis. They can play a role, for example, in alternative conformations and gene regulators. The present paper introduces the extended start/stop codon-like trinucleotides (CLTs) for noncoding DNA sequences, based on trinucleotide cluster extension generated by specific single-nucleotide multiplications. Extended cluster analysis gives rise to rich information potential as a "new language" of DNA ("CLT-language"). The analysis of start/stop-CLTs extended clusters provides qualitative and quantitative differentiation and characterization of alpha satellites, as well as of other repetitive and non-repetitive noncoding sequences. As a measure of CLT extension of DNA sequences the extension factor r is introduced. Start/stop CLTs enable a distinction of three segments within alpha satellite, the first and the second as wrapping sequences and the third as a linker. Within a linker there are no start/stop CLTs. On the basis of start/stop-CLTs, it is hypothesized that these noncoding sequences may be involved in the networks of gene regulators. (doi: 10.5562/cca1948