Persistent left-sided pleural effusion – rare manifestation of iatrogenic pulmonary vein stenosis

Sa？etak Radiofrequency (RF) ablation is a method of choice for treating patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation (AFib) refractory to antiarrhythmics. Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is a rare complication of RF ablation that occurs in 1-3%. Patients may be asymptomatic, or present with dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, and chest pain