Supercritical CO2 extraction of oil from rose hips (Rosa canina L.) and cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) seeds

Sa？etak Rose hips (Rosa canina L.) and Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) seeds are waste products from the manufacture of juice, syrup, puree, jams or wines and as such, they contain significant amount of oil. Special emphasis in the last few decades is given to “green” supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) extraction technique which is environmentally friendly and enables better extraction yield, better quality of the extract, and better resource saving. In this study the SC-CO2 extraction was used to obtain oil from two different sources: rose hips and cornelian cherry seeds. The aim was to investigate the influence of different extraction parameters, pressure (119-331 bar) and temperature (36-64 °C) on: (1) oil yield; (2) peroxide value; (3) and the determination of the optimal extraction conditions by response surface methodology (RSM) using Central composite rotatable design (CCRD). Fatty acid composition of obtained oils was determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Oil yield of rose hip seeds varied between 3.26-7.75% while peroxide number was between 4.70-29.69 mmol O2/kg, depending on applied extraction conditions. As for cornelian cherry seed oil, oil yield was 2.35-5.18% and the peroxide number of oil, depending on the extraction parameters used, was0.55-7.36 mmol O2/kg. At 300 bar and 40 °C, rose hip seed oil mainly contained linoleic acid (52.45%) followed by linolenic acid (20.55%), oleic acid (19.81%), palmitic acid (3.64%), stearic acid (2.34%) and arachidic acid (0.95%) while cornelian cherry seed oil contained linoleic acid (65.73%), oleic acid (23.69%), palmitic acid (8.05%), stearic acid (1.92%), erucic acid (0.48%) and arachidic acid (0.13%)