Ceiling Medallions from the Adamovi？-Hellenbach-Mik？i？ Manor House in Sveta Helena: Historical Context, Date and Interpretation

Sa？etak Two ceiling medallions from the Adamovi？-HellenbachMik？i？ manor house in Sveta Helena, near Sveti Ivan Zelina, were once part of a wooden ceiling in one of the two main halls. In 2003, they became part of the Sveti Ivan Zelina Museum collection following the collapse of the manor house roof along with the wooden ceilings. We do not know their original location, and they are the only remaining part of the interior decoration saved from the ruins. The medallions are two massive profiled wooden frames made out of oak with circular gouache paintings on papier maché on wood. The paintings portray two amoretti playing with flowers in the clouds. Conservation and restoration started in 2011 at the Croatian Conservation Institute by carrying out of preventive protection, primary conservation and research on both medallions, and the work was completed during 2014 and 2015. Based on historical information about the manor house, and the results of the research conducted by the Natural Science Laboratory of the Croatian Conservation Institute, the medallions and the entire ceiling can be dated in the last quarter of the 19th century. The old manor house in Sveta Helena, owned by the Mik？i？ family, was severely damaged during the large 1880 earthquake in Zagreb and its surroundings. The Mik？i？ family later built a new manor house on the foundations of the old one. New ceilings were also made at the same time, one of which contained these medallions. Laboratory analysis of the paper carrier indicated the presence of lignin, meaning the paper was produced from raw wood which was commercially used in the second half of the 19th century. Pigment analysis of the painted layer showed the presence of chrome yellow and chromium-oxide green, which were also products of the industrial revolution and were not available before the 19th century. In addition, solid oak frames fit well into the well-known trends of interior design of representational spaces in the 19th century. Unfortunately, due to the very poor condition of a great number of Croatian castles and manor houses, including Sveta Helena, it was not possible to find direct comparative examples in Croatia. A very similar one can be found in the Miramare Castle on the northern side of the Trieste Bay, built between 1856 and 1860 for Archduke Maximilian I, brother of Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph I. Other comparative examples mainly comprise representative housing built in Vienna during the second half of the 19th century, from where, in all likelihood, the paintings on these medallions come from. Despite the