Thread lifting is one of the widely chosen procedures for minimally invasive facial rejuvenation. Traditional facial thread lifting has nearly inevitable side effects e.g. facial edema, facial bruising, prolonged recovery, skin puckering, and visible and/or palpable threads, as well as less common complications e.g. damage of facial vital structures. Applying the extrafacial loose areolar (XFLA) thread lifting technique by using loose areolar connective tissue, the fourth layer of the scalp, as insertion medium for the threads to be anchored to the layer above (epicranial aponeurosis or galea aponeurotica) and the layer below (pericranium), could help minimize most of the previously mentioned side effects. In this manuscript, technique steps will be detailed to prove its novelty.
References
[1]
2019 Plastic Surgery Statistics Report. ASPS National Clearinghouse of Plastic Surgery Procedural Statistics. https://www.plasticsurgery.org/documents/News/Statistics/2019/plastic-surgery-statistics-full-report-2019.pdf
[2]
Tavares, J., Oliveira, C., Torres, R. and Bahmad, F. (2017) Facial Thread Lifting with Suture Suspension. Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 83, 712-719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2017.03.015
[3]
Gülbitti, H., Colebunders, B., Pirayesh, A., Bertossi, D. and van der Lei, B. (2018) Thread-Lift Sutures. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 141, 341e-347e. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000004101
[4]
Abraham, R.F., DeFatta, R.J. and Williams, E.F. (2009) Thread-Lift for Facial Rejuvenation. Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery, 11, 178-183. https://doi.org/10.1001/archfacial.2009.10
[5]
Halepas, S., Chen, X. and Ferneini, E. (2020) Thread-Lift Sutures: Anatomy, Technique, and Review of Current Literature. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 78, 813-820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2019.11.011
[6]
Tong, L. and Rieder, E. (2019) Thread-Lifts: A Double-Edged Suture? A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Dermatologic Surgery, 45, 931-940. https://doi.org/10.1097/DSS.0000000000001921
[7]
Fukaya, M. (2017) Long-Term Effect of the Insoluble Thread-Lifting Technique. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 10, 483-491. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S150738
[8]
Garvey, P., Ricciardelli, E. and Gampper, T. (2009) Outcomes in Threadlift for Facial Rejuvenation. Annals of Plastic Surgery, 62, 482-485. https://doi.org/10.1097/SAP.0b013e31818c18ed
[9]
Yongtrakul, P., Sirithanabadeekul, P. and Siriphan, P. (2016) Thread Lift: Classification, Technique, and How to Approach to the Patient. International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 10, 558-566. https://publications.waset.org/10005867/thread-lift-classification-technique-and-how-to-approach-to-the-patient
[10]
Ahmad, M. (2019) Thread Facelift: Satisfaction Rate among the Patients Using FACE-Q. Clinical Practice, 16, No. 3. https://doi.org/10.37532/fmcp.2019.16(3).1139-1143
[11]
Rezaee Khiabanloo, S., Jebreili, R., Aalipour, E., Saljoughi, N. and Shahidi, A. (2018) Outcomes in Thread Lift for Face and Neck: A Study Performed with Silhouette Soft and Promo Happy Lift Double Needle, Innovative and Classic Techniques. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 18, 84-93. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.12745
[12]
Kalra, R. (2008) Use of Barbed Threads in Facial Rejuvenation. Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery, 41, 93-100.
[13]
Singh, T., Makhecha, M., Yadav, T. and Atawane, M. (2019) Cutaneous Pseudolymphoma Secondary to Facial Thread Lift Procedure. Indian Dermatology Online Journal, 10, 322-324. https://doi.org/10.4103/idoj.IDOJ_166_18
[14]
Gil, Y., Shin, K., Lee, S., Song, W., Koh, K. and Shin, H. (2016) Topography of the Supraorbital Nerve with Reference to the Lacrimal Caruncle: Danger Zone for Direct Browplasty. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 101, 940-945. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-309332
[15]
Yano, T., Okazaki, M., Yamaguchi, K. and Akita, K. (2014) Anatomy of the Middle Temporal Vein. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 134, 92e-101e. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000000283
[16]
Schünke, M., Schulte, E., Schumacher, U., Cass, W., Schünke, M., Schünke, M., et al. (2016) Thieme Atlas of Anatomy. 2nd Edition, Thieme, New York, Stuttgart, Delhi, Rio de Janeiro, 6(4): 222.
[17]
Superficial Arteries and Veins of the Face and Scalp. Anatomy. Definition, History, & Biology [Internet]. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/anatomy
[18]
Tajran, J. and Gosman, A.A. (2020) Anatomy, Head and Neck, Scalp. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551565/
[19]
Germann, A.M. and Al Khalili, Y. (2019) Anatomy, Head and Neck, Scalp Veins. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL).
[20]
Chen, C.E., Liao, Z.Z., Lee, Y.H., Liu, C.C., Tang, C.K. and Chen, Y.R. (2017) Subgaleal Hematoma at the Contralateral Side of Scalp Trauma in an Adult. The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 53, e85-e88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.06.007
[21]
Schünke, M., Schulte, E., Schumacher, U., Cass, W., Schünke, M., Schünke, M., et al. (2016) Thieme Atlas of Anatomy. 2nd Edition, Thieme, New York, Stuttgart, Delhi, Rio de Janeiro, 4(7): 101.
[22]
Cohen, A. and Burkat, C. (2019) Oculofacial, Orbital, and Lacrimal Surgery. Springer, Cham, 32. Anatomy of Facelifting, p.318. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14092-2
[23]
Tremolada, C., Candiani, P., Signorini, M., Vigano, M. and Donati, L. (1994) The Surgical Anatomy of the Subcutaneous Fascial System of the Scalp. Annals of Plastic Surgery, 32, 8-14. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000637-199401000-00002