目的:为林下耐荫芳香植物的开发利用提供理论依据。方法:利用顶空固相微萃取技术和GC-MS对紫苏(Perilla frutescens)、藿香(Agastache rugosa)和白玉簪(Hosta plantaginea)三种植物的植株各部位的挥发性成分进行检测,同时对比了不同地点、不同生长环境的挥发性成分。结果:紫苏的主要挥发性成分分为萜烯类、酯类、醇类、烷类、酮类、醛类和呋喃7大类。其中,萜烯类的种类最多,萜烯类中石竹烯释放量最大(41.54%)。紫苏果实中有具抗肿瘤效果的成分-紫苏烯;藿香的主要挥发性成分有萜烯类、酯类、醇类、烷类、酮类、酚类、醛类和呋喃8大类。其中,萜烯类最多,以石竹烯、双戊烯、β-波旁烯释放量最大;白玉簪中的主要挥发性成分为醇类、萜烯类、酯类、酮类和醛类5大类。其中,醇类的含量最高。白玉簪最主要的挥发性成分为芳樟醇。芳樟醇是白玉簪香气中的标志性成分。根据研究,对林下芳香植物的应用提出了建议。
Objective: To provide theoretical basis for the development and utilization of shade tolerant aromatic plants. Method: Head space solid phase micro-extraction and GC-MS are used in detecting volatile components of Perilla frutescens, Agastache rugosa and Hosta plantaginea in different parts of three plants. Different locations and different environment of volatile components are compared. Result: The main volatile components of Perilla frutescens are classified into 7 classes: terpene, esters, alcohols, alkane, ketone, aldehyde and furan. Among them, the terpene is the most abundant, and the highest content is caryophyllene (41.54%). Perillen is anti-tumor effect composition in perilla fruit. The main volatile components of Agastache rugosa are classified into 8 classes: terpene, esters, alcohols, alkane, ketone, phenol, aldehyde and furan. Among them, the terpene is the most abundant. The highest contents are caryophyllene, limonene, β-Bourbonene. The main volatile components of Hosta plantaginea are classified into 5 classes: alcohols, terpene, esters, ketone and aldehyde. Among them, the highest content is alcohols. The main volatile components of Hosta plantaginea is linalool. Linalool is a symbol aroma component in Hosta plantaginea. According to the research, we put forward some suggestions on the application of aromatic plants in the forest.