汉江中下游水生态补偿方法探讨
Discussion on Aquatic Ecological Compensation Methods in the Middle-Lower Reaches of Hanjiang River, China

汉江作为南水北调中线工程的水源区，其中下游生态环境面临水资源减少而引发的各类问题。因此，在汉江中下游必须建立起有效的水生态补偿方法来应对环境和经济的危机。文章从汉江中下游流域实际情况出发，探讨了现行水生态补偿机制的不足与问题，提出建立和完善汉江流域生态补偿的基本思路，并初步设计了汉江流域水生态横向补偿的基本框架、核算模型、环境指标和补偿参数。建议依据各地区生态系统服务功能价值、流域区位和经济发展水平综合设定各地区补偿系数，并从跨界断面水质，支流水质和饮用水水源地水质三个方面规范水质考核方法。
As the source area of the middle route project of south-to-north water transfer, the middle-lower reaches of Hanjiang River are facing various problems caused by the decline of water resources in recent years. Therefore, an effective aquatic ecological compensation method should be established to reduce the contradictions between the ecology and economy in the middle-lower reaches of Hanjiang River. Based on the actual situation, the paper discussed the shortcomings and problems of the current ecological compensation mechanism, and proposes that we should build a better ecological compensation strategy. Following that a cross-range ecological compensation method was proposed in terms of basic framework, accounting model, environmental indicators and compensation parameters. Meanwhile a compensation coefficient was suggested more com-prehensive by balancing the ecosystem service values, the location importance and the economic conditions. And suggestions were given to standardizing the assessment methods for water quality test in three issues namely the cross-border water quality, the water quality of tributaries and drinking water sources.