|
|
南黄海沿岸某入海河流水体有机污染调查方法研究
|
Abstract:
本研究以南黄海沿岸某河流入海口附近水体为典型目标水体，建立了对水样中不同极性未知有机污染物筛查定性定量的方法。采用在不同酸碱条件C18柱串联HLB柱的固相萃取方法，提取水样中不同极性的有机污染物。利用GC-MS在全扫描模式下对样品中的物质进行了检测。在去除背景干扰情况下，使用NIST11谱库对主要的30种物质的质谱图进行检索，结合人工解谱和目标物极性判断，可直接确定名称的化合物10种，其中包括农药乐果及其2种降解产物、2种脂肪酸及其对应甲酯、邻苯二甲酸乙酯、雪松醇。通过对标准样品的测定，进一步确定了部分邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的种类，并测定得到邻苯二甲酸酯类和乐果的浓度分别为38.4 μg/L和143.3 μg/L。初步生态风险评价结果表明，邻苯二甲酸酯类物质和乐果对河水生态系统呈现较高风险特性。
The water near a river estuary along the Southern Yellow Sea coast is taken as a typical target water body, and a qualitative and quantitative method for screening organic pollutants with different polarities in water is established. A solid phase extraction method using a C18 column and a HLB column connected in series under different acid-base conditions was used to extract organic pol-lutants with different polarities from water samples. The compounds in the sample were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in full scan mode. In the case of removing the influence coming from background, the mass spectrums of the main 30 compounds were retrieved in the NIST11 library. With the artificial spectrum analysis and the polarities, 10 compounds could be identified directly, including dimethoate and its two degradation products, two fatty acids and their corresponding methyl esters, ethyl phthalate, and cedar alcohol. The types of phthalic acid esters were further identified by determining the standard samples. The concentrations of phthalic acid esters and dimethoate were 38.4 μg/L and 143.3 μg/L, respectively. The preliminary ecological risk assessment results showed that phthalic acid esters and dimethoate had more risk for the aquatic ecosystem.
| [1] | 王菊英, 穆景利, 马德毅. 浅析我国现行海水水质标准存在的问题[J]. 海洋开发与管理, 2013(7): 28-33. |
| [2] | 国峰, 张勇, 刘材材. 上海市陆源入海排污口污染物分析与评价研究[J]. 中国环境监测, 2007, 23(4): 95-98. |
| [3] | 邵鸿飞. 分析化学样品前处理技术研究进展[J]. 化学分析计量, 2007, 16(5): 81-83. |
| [4] | 万祎, 胡建英, 邵兵. 固相萃取-GC-MS 法检测环境中痕量农药类内分泌干扰物[J]. 环境科学, 2002(23): 79-82. |
| [5] | 钟文珏, 王东红, 徐小卫, 原盛广, 王子健. 再生水中优先控制有毒污染物的筛查方法[J]. 中国环境科学, 2011, 31(2): 332-339. |
| [6] | 周灵辉, 胡恩宇, 杭维琦, 母应锋, 王丽媛. 南京市主要入江河流中有机污染物的定性分析[J]. 黑龙江环境通报, 2010, 34(1): 23-24. |
| [7] | 刘长. 大辽河口典型酚类内分泌干扰物的分布特征和生态风险评价[M]. 青岛: 中国海洋大学, 2012. |
| [8] | Sánchez-Bayo, F., Baskaran, S. and Kennedy, I.R. (2002) Ecological Relative Risk (EcoRR): An-other Approach for Risk Assessment of Pesticides in Agriculture. Agriculture, Ecosystem & Environment, 91, 37-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00258-4 |
| [9] | 赵建亮, 应光国, 魏东斌, 任明忠. 水体和沉积物中毒害污染物的生态风险评价方法体系研究进展[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2011, 6(6): 577-588. |
| [10] | 刘庆, 杨红军, 史衍玺, 舒龙. 环境中邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)污染物研究进展[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2012, 20(8): 968-975. |
| [11] | Tranfo, G., Caporossi, L., Paci, E., Aragona, C., Romanzi, D., De Carolis, C., De Rosa, M., Capanna, S., Papaleo, B. and Pera, A. (2012) Urinary Phthalate Monoesters Concentration in Couples with Infertility Problems. Toxicology Letters, 213, 15-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.11.033 |
| [12] | Macdonald, R.W., Barrie, L.A., Bidleman, T.F., Diamond, M.L., Gregor, D.J., Semkin, R.G., Strachan, W.M.J., Li, Y.F., Wania, F., Alaee, M., Alexeeva, L.B., Backus, S.M., Bailey, R., Bewers, J.M., Gobeil, C., Halsall, C.J., Harner, T., Hoff, J.T., Jantunen, L.M.M., Lockhart, W.L., Mackay, D., Muir, D.C.G., Pudykiewicz, J., Reimer, K.J., Smith, J.N., Stern, G.A., Schroeder, W.H., Wagemann, R. and Yunker, M.B. (2000) Contaminants in the Canadian Arctic: 5 Years of Progress in Understanding Sources, Occurrence and Pathways. The Science of the Total Environment, 254, 93-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00434-4 |
| [13] | 卢锋, 乔玲. 有机磷农药环境雌激素样作用的实验研究[J]. 河南大学学报(医学科学版), 2003, 22(4): 19-22. |
| [14] | 郑瑶青, 官宜文, 牛景金, 孙亦樑. 乐果农药厂周围地下水中有机磷化合物污染的研究1. 主要污染物的气相色谱定量[J]. 北京大学学报, 1980(2): 89-96. |
