时间洞察力在睡眠时型与抑郁间的中介作用：学生和非学生的比较
The Mediating Role of Time Perspective in Chronotype and Depression: Comparison of Students and Non-Students

为探讨学生和非学生群体的睡眠时型与抑郁的关系，以及时间洞察力在二者关系中的作用机制，采用清晨型–夜晚型问卷、津巴多时间洞察力量表和流调中心用抑郁量表对222名学生和292名非学生样本进行问卷调查。研究结果显示：学生的睡眠时型总分(48.42 ± 7.89)低于非学生(52.05 ± 8.40)，抑郁得分(20.65 ± 11.69)高于非学生(13.99 ± 9.68)，学生与非学生的抑郁检出率分别为45.9%和28.3%；学生样本和非学生样本的睡眠时型均与抑郁水平呈显著负相关(r = ？0.27, p < 0.001; r = ？0.19, p < 0.01)，睡眠时型对抑郁具有直接的负向预测作用(β = ？0.26, t = ？4.12, p < 0.001; β = ？0.20, t = ？3.36, p < 0.01)；在学生样本中，现在宿命、未来时间洞察力在睡眠时型与抑郁的关系中起中介作用(效应值分别为：？0.06、？0.04)；在非学生样本中，过去消极、过去积极、未来时间洞察力在睡眠时型与抑郁的关系间起中介作用(效应值分别为：？0.07、？0.04、？0.04)。结论：睡眠时型既可直接对抑郁产生影响，又可通过时间洞察力间接对抑郁起作用。
In order to explore the relationship between chronotype, time perspective and depression in stu-dents and non-student groups, the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory and Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression had been applied to 222 students and 292 non-students. The results showed that: 1) The score of chronotype students (48.42 ± 7.89) was lower than non-students (52.05 ± 8.40), and the depression score (20.65 ± 11.69) was higher than non-students (13.99 ± 9.68). The incidence of depression rates was 45.9% and 28.3%, respectively. 2) Chronotype was significantly negatively correlated with depression in both groups (r = ？0.27, p < 0.001; r = ？0.19, p < 0.01), and had a negative predictive effect on depression (β = ？0.26, t = ？4.12, p < 0.001; β = ？0.20, t = ？3.36, p < 0.01). 3) For students, present fatalistic, future-oriented time perspective plays a mediating role in the relationship between chronotype and depression (effect size: ？0.06 and ？0.04, respectively); for non-student, past negative, past positive, and future-oriented time perspective plays a mediating role in chronotype and depression (effect size: ？0.07, ？0.04, ？0.04). It suggests that chronotype can directly affect depression, indirectly affect depression through time perspectives.