运气特质量表：幸运者衡幸运的因素探索
The Luckiness Trait Scale: Why Lucky People Are Lucky

DOI: 10.12677/AP.2020.105074, PP. 598-607

Keywords: 运气信念，运气行动，运气特质
The Belief of Luck, the Behavior of Luck, Luckiness Trait

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

目的：运气是一种重要的文化概念，为了扩展运气研究的内涵，编制运气特质量表。方法：对西方的运气信念量表进行翻译和改编，形成中文版运气信念相关题目；通过查阅文献与深入访谈，编制运气行动相关题目。通过探索性分析筛选题目，并进行信、效度检验。结果：运气特质量表共32个题目，分为好运特质量表和坏运特质量表两个分量表，好运特质包括好运信念、相信运气信念、努力与坚持、良好人际、认识与直觉五个因子，坏运特质包括坏运信念、迷信行动、坏运行动三个因子。结论：运气特质量表具有与良好的信、效度，符合心理测量学的标准。
Objective: Luck is an important cultural concept. This study tries to explore the connotations of luck, constructing and testing a luckiness trait scale. Methods: The content of the scale originated from the “Darke and Freedman Beliefs around Luck Scale” and it was adapted to accommodate for the Chinese culture. New items of lucky behavior were formed through in-depth interviews. All items were selected by exploratory factor analysis and then tested the reliability and validity. Results: The final version of the questionnaire contains 32 items, which are divided into two subscales, “Good Luck Traits Scale” and “Bad Luck Traits Scale”. The Good Luck Traits Scale includes five factors, beliefs in good luck, beliefs in luck, effort and persistence, good interpersonal relationship, cognition and intuition, while the Bad Luck Traits Scale includes three factors, beliefs in bad luck, superstitious behavior and bad luck behavior. Conclusion: The Luckiness Trait Scale has satisfactory validity and reliability, which achieves the standard of psychometrics.

References

[1]	黎红艳, 徐建平, 陈基越, 范业鑫(2015). 大五人格问卷(BFI-44)信度元分析——基于信度概化方法. 心理科学进展, 23(5), 755-765.
[2]	王洪涛(2010). 运气信念、人格五因素与成就动机的关系. 硕士论文, 陕西师范大学, 西安市.
[3]	温娟娟(2012). 生活定向测验在大学生中的信效度. 中国心理卫生杂志, 26(4), 305-309.
[4]	吴明隆(2010). 结构方程模型: AMOS的操作和应用(第二版). 重庆市: 重庆大学出版社.
[5]	熊承清, 许远理(2009). 生活满意度量表中文版在民众中使用的信度和效度. 中国健康心理学杂志, 17(8), 948-949.
[6]	杨勇(2018). 运气特质: 将机遇转化为一种可利用的力量. 心理学探新, 38(4), 302-308.
[7]	张和云, 赵欢欢, 许燕(2018). 中国人善良人格的结构研究. 心理学探新, 38(3), 221-227.
[8]	Andre, N. (2006). Good Fortune, Luck, Opportunity and Their Lack: How Do Agents Perceive Them? Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 1461-1472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.10.022
[9]	Andre, N. (2009). I Am Not a Lucky Person: An Examination of the Dimensionality of Beliefs about Chance. Journal of Gambling Studies, 25, 473-487. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-009-9134-z
[10]	Darke, P. R., & Freedman, J. L. (1997). The Belief in Good Luck Scale. Journal of Research in Personality, 31, 486-511. https://doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.1997.2197
[11]	Higgins, E. T. (1996). Knowledge Activation: Accessibility, Applicabil-ity, and Salience. In E. T. Higgins, & A. E. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social Psychology: Handbook of Basic Principles (pp. 133-168). New York: Guilford.
[12]	Larsen, R. J., & Buss, D. M. (2017). Personality Psychology: Domains of Know-ledge about Human Nature. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
[13]	Maltby, J., Day, L., Gill, P., Colley, A., Wood, A. M. (2008). Beliefs around Luck: Confirming the Empirical Conceptualization of Beliefs around Luck and the Development of the Darke and Freedman Beliefs around Luck Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 655-660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.07.010
[14]	Maltby, J., Day, L., Pinto, D. G., Hogan, R., & Wood, A. M. (2013). Beliefs in Being Unlucky and Deficits in Executive Functioning. Journal of Consciousness and Cognition, 22, 137-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2012.11.014
[15]	Murakami, K. (2014). Absolute and Relative Judgments in Rela-tion to Strength of Belief in Good Luck. Social Behavior and Personality, 42, 1105-1115. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2014.42.7.1105
[16]	Sagone, E., & De Caroli, M. E. (2015). Beliefs about Superstition and Luck in External Believers University Students. Procedia—Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191, 366-371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.685
[17]	Wiseman, R. J. (2003). The Luck Factor: Changing Your Luck, Changing Your Life, the Four Principles. Miramax/Hyperion.
[18]	Wiseman, R., Watt,C. (2004). Measuring Superstitious Belief: Why Lucky Charms Matter. Journal of Personality and Individual Differences, 37, 1533-1541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.02.009
[19]	Xu, A. J., Zwick, R., & Schwarz, N. (2012). Washing away Your (Good or Bad) Luck: Physical Cleansing Affects Risk-Taking Behavior. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 141, 26-30. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023997
[20]	Zhang, Y., Jane, L., & Hosey, C. (2014). Reversing One’s Fortune by Pushing away Bed Luck. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143, 1171-1184. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034023

Full-Text