青年肺癌与老年肺癌的临床特征对比分析
Comparative Analysis of the Clinical Features of Lung Cancer between Young and Old Patients

目的：探讨青年肺癌与老年肺癌患者的临床特征。方法：选取2016年1月至2019年6月期间收治的120例≤40岁的肺癌患者作为青年组，另随机选取118例≥70岁的同期肺癌患者作为老年组，比较两组患者的临床特征。结果：青年肺癌患者以无吸烟史多见，老年肺癌患者以有吸烟史多见(P < 0.001)。两组患者均以男性、腺癌、III~IV期临床分期为主；青年组女性、腺癌、III~IV期临床分期患者比例均高于老年组，老年组鳞癌患者比例高于青年组(P均 < 0.05)。老年组EGFR突变率高于青年组，青年组ALK重排阳性率高于老年组(P均 < 0.05)。青年组EGFR 19外显子突变率高于老年组(P < 0.05)。两组患者在肺癌家族史方面差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。结论：青年肺癌女性、不吸烟者、腺癌、III~IV期临床分期患者比例较高，ALK重排阳性率较高，EGFR 19外显子突变率较高；老年肺癌吸烟者、鳞癌患者比例较高，EGFR突变率较高，临床工作中应适当参考这些特征，以做到肺癌的早期诊断及有效治疗。
Objective: To explore the clinical features of lung caner in young and old patients. Methods: From January 2016 to June 2019, 120 patients (≤40 years) with lung cancer were selected as the youth group and 118 patients (≥70 years) with lung cancer were selected randomly as the elderly group during the same period. The clinical features were compared between the two groups. Results: Majority of young patients with lung cancer were non-smokers while most elderly patients were smokers (P < 0.001). Patients of two groups both were characterized by males over-representation, adenocarcinoma and stage III - IV. The proportion of females, adenocarcinoma and stage III - IV in the youth group was higher than that in the elderly group (P < 0.05). The proportion of squamous carcinoma in the elderly group was higher than that in the youth group (P < 0.05). The proportion of EGFR gene mutations in the elderly group was higher than that in the youth group (P < 0.05). The proportion of ALK gene rearrangements in the youth group was higher than that in the elderly group (P < 0.05). The proportion of EGFR exon 19 mutations in the youth group was higher than that in the elderly group (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of family history of lung cancer (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Lung cancer in young patients is connected with higher proportion of females, non-smokers, adenocarcinoma, stage III - IV, ALK gene rearrangements and EGFR exon 19 mutations. Lung cancer in old patients is connected with higher proportion of smokers, squamous carcinoma and EGFR gene mutations. We should be aware of these characteristics to achieve the early diagnosis and effective treatment of lung caner.