内蒙古自治区蒙古族中小学生体育锻炼家庭支持性环境对运动能力影响分析
Analysis on the Effect of Family Physical Activity Environment on Sports Ability among Mongolian Children and Adolescents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

目的：分析2014年内蒙古自治区10~18岁蒙古族中小学生体育锻炼活动家庭支持性环境现状及对运动能力的影响，为引导家长树立正确体育教育观念提供理论依据。方法：将研究对象按照年龄、性别、城乡进行分组，比较不同家庭支持性环境下学生运动能力的差异。结果：城市学生体育锻炼家庭支持率高于乡村学生(92.6%和89.2%)；16~18岁学生体育锻炼家庭支持率最高(91.8%)。不同分组的学生参与体育锻炼时间不足1 h人数明显超过大于1 h人数，大于和不足1 h的学生中体育锻炼家庭支持率均在85%以上，乡村学生明显多于城市学生。运动能力六项指标中：男生握力、速度、力量；女生速度；小学高年级10~12岁学生握力、立定跳远、柔韧性；初中16~18岁学生握力、速度显示差异性(p < 0.05)，具备体育锻炼家庭支持性环境的学生高于不具备支持环境者。结论：由于多方面原因影响，存在大量学生家庭支持性环境好但仍不愿参加体育锻炼，表明学生自身的锻炼意识是影响学生参与体育锻炼的内因。对于家庭支持性环境的分析，家庭支持性环境的学生更愿意参与体育锻炼，城市家庭体育锻炼支持率高于乡村家庭，学生年龄越大家庭支持率越高，家庭支持率高的学生普遍运动能力较好。学生家庭应当树立正确的体育教育观念，给学生提供良好的支持性体育锻炼环境能够更好地促进学生的运动能力。
Objective: This study analyzes the effect of family physical activity environment on sports ability among Mongolian children and adolescents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2014, so as to provide theoretical basis for the parents to establish a correct concept of physical education. Methods: The students are divided into groups according to age, gender, urban and rural to com-pare the differences of students’ sports ability under different family physical activity environment. Results: The urban family supporting rate of physical activity is higher than rural families (92.6% and 89.2%), and the family support rate of physical activity of 16 to 18-year-old students is the highest (91.8%). The number of students in different groups who participated in physical exercise for less than an hour was significantly higher than the number of students who participated in physical exercise for less than an hour. Among the students who participated in physical exercise for less or higher an hour, the support rate of their families was above 85%, and the rural students were significantly higher than the urban students. The difference exists in boys’ grip strength, speed, strength and girls’ speed and the grip strength, standing long jump, flexibility of 10 - 12-year-old students and the grip strength and speed of 16 - 18-year-old students (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Due to various reasons, there are a large number of students with family supportive environment, but they are still unwilling to participate in exercise, which indicates that students’ self-exercise consciousness is the internal cause affecting students’ participation in physical exer-cise. Analyzing the supportive family environment, students in a supportive environment are more likely to participate in physical exercise, and the supporting rate of urban families is higher than rural families in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The family supporting rate increases with students’ age. The families should set up