增施锌肥对烤烟农艺性状、光合特性及产量的影响
Effects of Adding Zinc Fertilizer on Agronomic Characteristics, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Flue-Cured Tobacco

为探究增施锌肥对烤烟生长发育及品质的影响，以云烟87为试验材料，按锌肥施用量及施肥方法不同设7个处理，T1(CK)-T5为小培土时分别施硫酸锌：0、7.5、15.0、22.5、30.0 kg/hm²；T6：移栽后15天喷施一次硫酸锌(按3 kg/hm²用量配制0.2%的浓度的硫酸锌)；T7：移栽后15天、30天各喷施一次硫酸锌(按3 kg/hm²用量配制0.2%的浓度的硫酸锌)7种不同的处理。研究不同处理对烟草农艺性状、光合速率、SPAD值、烟叶产质量和产值的差异。结果表明：(1) T4处理在叶面积、株高、茎围和节距较对照分别增加了15.83%、6.75%、2.61%和1.81%；移栽至团棵期T5、T6处理有效叶片数显著增长，较对照增加14.62%和10.6%，最大叶长和最大叶宽无显著差异；团棵期至现蕾期，T2处理有效叶片数比T1显著增长5.97%；现蕾期至打顶期，T2、T3、T4、T5、T6、T7处理均显著高于T1 (p < 0.05)，最大叶长和叶宽也均高于T1。(2) 增施锌肥能够有效提高光合能力，增加质体色素的含量，T4和T7处理的光合能力显著增强(p < 0.05)，SPAD值显著增加。(3) 与T1相比，T7和T4处理的产量较对照分别增加7.55%和6.46%，T7和T4处理的产值较对照增收3328.65元/hm²和3298.92元/hm²。结果表明增施锌肥能够有效促进烟叶的生长发育，增强烟叶的光合能力并提高烟叶的产值。
In order to explore the effect of increasing zinc fertilizer on the growth, development and quality of flue-cured tobacco, Yunyan 87 was used as the test material to set up 7 treatments according to the amount of zinc fertilizer and the method of fertilization. T1(CK)-T5 is small soil cultivation when the application of zinc sulphate is: 0, 7.5, 15.0, 22.5, 30.0 kg/hm²; T6: spray zinc sulfate once 15 days after transplanting (prepared with a concentration of 0.2% zinc sulfate at a dosage of 3 kg/hm²); T7: 15 days and 30 days after transplanting, zinc sulfate (zinc sulfate with a concentration of 0.2% at a dosage of 3 kg/hm²) was sprayed once for 7 different treatments. To study the differences of different treatments on tobacco agronomic characteristics, photosynthetic rate, SPAD value, tobacco leaf quality and output value, the results showed that: (1) Compared with the control, the leaf area, plant height, stem circumference and pitch of T4 treatment increased by 15.83%, 6.75%, 2.61% and 1.81% respectively; in transplanting to the group stage, the effective leaf number of T5 and T6 treatments increased by 14.62% and 10.6% compared with the control, and they increased significantly, and there was no significant difference in the maximum leaf length and maximum leaf width. The maximum leaf length and maximum leaf width were not significantly different; the effective leaf number of T2 treatment from the group stage to the budding stage increased by 5.97% compared with T1; the budding stage to the topping stage T2 , T3, T4, T5, T6, T7 treatments are significantly higher than T1 (p < 0.05); the maximum leaf length and leaf width are also higher than T1. (2) Increased application of zinc fertilizer can effectively increase photosynthetic capacity and increase the content of plastid pigment; the