高时间分辨X射线探测器的研制
The Development of X-Ray Detector with High Temporal Resolution

在核科学、深空探测、脉冲星导航等领域需要探测X射线光子，识别其能量大小及到达探测器的时间。探测器对X射线到达时间的分辨精度关系到脉冲星导航精度，以及对一些频率较高的脉冲星的利用，是器件的关键指标，对探测面积较大的探测器来说，采用普通的帧转移结构，典型时间分辨精度约为20 ms，不能满足要求。高时间分辨X射线探测器采用新型结构，做有128 × 128个探测区，单个探测区包括8个CCD单元，CCD单元尺寸为14 μm × 102 μm。各探测区的信号通过CCD转移“汇集”后以“并联”的方式同时到达输出端。当器件以典型频率500 kHz工作时，器件的时间分辨精度为16 μs，测得能量分辨率为130 eV@5.9 keV。器件工作时X射线的光子数很少，X射线光子信号的叠加是小概率事件，在统计时忽略不计。
X-Ray photons need to be detected in order to recognize the energy size and the time that the photons arrived at the detector surface into the domain of nuclear science deep space exploration and X-ray pulsar navigation. The resolution accuracy of X-Ray detector is the key performance which is related to the use of high frequency pulsars and the accuracy of pulsar navigation. As traditional X-Ray detectors with large detect area do not match the need of tine resolution accuracy with the structure of frame transfer and a typically 20 ms tine resolution. A new structure of X-Ray detector with high temporal resolution has been developed with a total detect area array of 128 (V) × 128 (H) and 8 cells including in a single detect area except the cell size is 14 μm × 102 μm. The signals that come from each detect cell area will combine with each other by means of transferring gate driving timing, and the combined signals from deferent parts of detect array will reach to the output port in parallel. The X-Ray detector has a performance of 130 eV@5.9 keV resolution and 16 μs temporal resolution under the frequency drive of 500 kHz. As well, there will be a few number of photon arriving at the surface of the X-Ray detector when it works, and therefore it will be very small probability event that the X-Ray photons superpose with each other, and the event will be ignored in statistic of X-Ray photons.