沈阳市大气污染物组分清单及浓度的季态变化特征
List of Atmospheric Pollutant Components and Seasonal Variation Characteristics of Atmospheric Pollutant Concentration in Shenyang City

为查明沈阳市大气污染物组分特征及其季节变化规律，进行了多点同步采样分析，旨在建立细颗粒物中污染物清单，揭示污染物质昼夜及季态变化特征，为沈阳市大气污染治理提供依据。利用滤膜法采集大气细颗粒物样品，通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-MS)和离子色谱法检测无机元素和水溶性离子，利用恒定流量采样器–苏玛罐法采集挥发性有机物(VOCs)样品，通过气相色谱法分析VOCs组分与浓度。结果表明：大气细颗粒物中无机元素主要包括Na、Mg、Al、Si、K、Zn、Ca、Fe，其浓度均 > 1 μg/m³，总占比分别为98.69% (PM_2.5)、99.07% (PM₁₀)；大气细颗粒物中水溶性离子主要包括NO₃^-、SO₄^2-、NH₄⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺、Na⁺、Ca²⁺、Cl^-，其中NO₃^-和SO₄^2-含量最高，是致霾关键因素；共检测出61种VOCs，主要组分为烷烃(37.7%)、烯烃(14.8%)、芳香烃(26.2%)、卤代烃(19.7%)和炔烃(1.6%)。冬季(11月~3月) PM_2.5、PM₁₀浓度较高，呈增长态势，夏秋季浓度较低且趋于稳定；VOCs昼夜浓度变化特征分析表明，VOCs浓度峰值与人类活动和交通的相关性较强。
In order to find out the characteristics of air pollutant composition and its seasonal variation rule in Shenyang city, a multi-point synchronous sampling analysis was carried out, aiming to establish a pollutant inventory in fine particulate matter, reveal the variation characteristics of pollutants in day and night and seasonal state, and provide a basis for the control of air pollution in Shenyang city. Atmospheric fine particulate matter samples were collected by filter membrane method, inorganic elements and water-soluble ions were detected by icp-ms and ion chromatography, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) samples were collected by constant flow sampler-suma tank method, and VOCs components and concentrations were analyzed by gas chromatography. The results show that: the inorganic elements in atmospheric fine particulate matter mainly included Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Zn, Ca and Fe, and their concentrations were all > 1 g/m³. Water-soluble ions in fine atmospheric particles mainly include NO₃^-, SO₄^2-, NH₄⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺ and Cl^-, among which NO₃^- and SO₄^2- have the highest content and are the key factors causing haze. A total of 61 VOCs were detected, and the main groups were alkanes (37.7%), alkenes (14.8%), aromatic hydrocarbons (26.2%), halogenated hydrocarbons (19.7%) and alkynes (1.6%). In winter (November-to-March), the concentration of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ is high, showing an increasing trend. In summer and autumn, the concentration is low and tends to be stable. The characteristic analysis of the variation of VOCs concentration in day and night shows that the peak of VOCs concentration is