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山东滨州地区婴幼儿轮状病毒感染的流行病学研究
Epidemiology Study on Rotavirus Diarrhea in Children in Binzhou

DOI: 10.12677/ACM.2020.108244, PP. 1625-1632

Keywords: 轮状病毒，婴幼儿，腹泻，免疫层析，粪便，流行病学
Rotavirus, Children, Diarrhea, Immunochromatography, Stool, Epidemiology

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Abstract:

目的：探讨山东滨州地区腹泻婴幼儿中轮状病毒感染的流行病情况，为临床上轮状病毒感染的诊断、治疗和预防提供真实可靠的实验依据。方法：收集滨州医学院附属医院2017年1月至2019年12月住院和门诊的腹泻婴幼儿粪便标本11,497例，采用免疫层析法进行轮状病毒抗原的检测，分析轮状病毒感染婴幼儿的性别、年龄和时间分布情况。结果：11,497例腹泻婴幼儿粪便标本中，有3059例轮状病毒检测结果阳性，阳性率为26.61%。其中0~1岁组腹泻患儿轮状病毒感染阳性率可达30.00% (构成比为33.94%)，1~2岁组腹泻患儿轮状病毒感染阳性率为28.00% (构成比为31.67%)，2~3岁组腹泻患儿轮状病毒感染阳性率为18.42% (构成比20.84%)，0~3岁组腹泻患儿轮状病毒感染构成比共占86.45%，是轮状病毒感染的高发年龄组。每年11、12、1、2月份(4个月构成比为72.28%)为轮状病毒感染发病高峰期。而不同性别之间轮状病毒感染无统计学差异。结论：轮状病毒是本地区腹泻婴幼儿感染(0~14岁)的主要病原体，其中0~3岁婴幼儿是轮状病毒的易感人群，11、12、1、2月份为轮状病毒感染的流行高峰。
Objective: The objective of the study was to survey the prevalence of rotavirus (RV) diarrhea in children in Binzhou, and provide reliable experimental data for the diagnosis and treatment of RV infection. Methods: 11,497 stool specimens from children with diarrhea outpatient or hospitalized at our hospital between January of 2017 and December of 2019 were collected. Immunochromatographic assay was used for the detection of RV antigen. The sex, age and time distribution of RV infection were analyzed. Result: Among the 11,497 stool specimens, 3059 were tested RV positive, with a positive rate of 26.61%. Positive rate of the 0~1 age group reached up to 30.0% (with a constituent ratio of 33.94%), Positive rate of 1~2 age group, reaching 28.0% (with a constituent ratio of 31.67%), and the 2~3 age group, accounting for 18.42% (with a constituent ratio of 20.84%). The constituent ratio reaches 86.45%. The diarrhea was most prevalent among children between the age of 0 and 3. November, December, January and February were the peak months for the diarrhea disease (the constituent ratio for the four months is 72.28%). There was no significant difference in rotavirus between the sexes. Conclusion: Rotavirus is the major pathogen for child diarrhea in the area. Children between the ages of 0~3 are the susceptible population for rotavirus infection, November, December, January and February are the peak seasons for the epidemic.

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