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Modern Linguistics 2020
语言理解和产出中的语码切换及影响因素
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Abstract:
双语者和多语者经常面临语言理解和产出中语码切换，在这两种任务中是否使用相同的认知机制一直存在争议。双语交互模型认为理解中的语码切换是自下而上的激活词汇表征的过程，而还有一些研究者认为自上而下的认知机制在语言理解也发挥作用。研究者认为在语言产出语码转换中主要是自上而下的认知机制发挥作用，就此提出了很多理论和假说，其中最具代表就是抑制控制模型。通过对以往研究的总结，除了对上述理论的探讨之外，进一步探索语言产出和语言理解控制机制以及语言熟练度、语言距离及准备时间语言切换代价的影响。
It is common for bilinguals and multilinguals to switch language in daily life. And it is a controver-sial issue whether they use the same cognitive mechanisms in tasks of language comprehension and language production. The Bilingual Interactive Activation Plus Model holds that code switching in language comprehension is a bottom-up activation of lexical representations, while switching costs in production have been explained in terms of top-down cognitive control. Researchers have proposed many hypotheses and models and the inhibitory control model is the most representative one. Some researchers argue that the top-down cognitive mechanism also plays a role in language comprehension. By reviewing the previous studies, except for the discussion about models and hypotheses, we further explore the cognitive mechanism and factors which influence the language switching cost such as language proficiency, language distance and the preparation time during language switching.
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