衢江流域地貌特征与上山文化遗址选址的关联
The Correlation between Landscape Characteristics in Qu River and the Site Selection of Shangshan Culture

上山文化(11~8.5 ka B.P.)主要分布于钱塘江上游及其周边地区，其遗址群在钱塘江上游的衢江流域内呈现集中分布于南岸下游河段二级阶地边缘的特点。本文利用地貌定量解析的手段，探讨了衢江南北岸河流阶地分布差异、遗址后方山地子流域地貌发育阶段、水系密度分布特征与上山文化立地之间的关联。研究发现，衢江南岸广泛分布着相对高差约20 m的河流阶地，而北岸缺乏河漫滩和第一级阶地；衢江山地流域地貌发育阶段呈现出中游年轻，上游和下游较老，北岸比南岸老的特点，山地流域水系密度在各高程段的分布特征，受流域发育阶段、断层分布以及岩性差异共同影响。上山文化遗址群后方的山地流域处于壮年偏老的地貌发育阶段，地势和缓，水系发育成熟，下游水网密布，这样的山地流域方便古人类进入，开展采集、打猎等活动，也不易发生泥石流等自然灾害。结合阶地的分布特征，南岸下游的二级阶地是相对优越的居住区。
Shangshan Culture (11~8.5 ka B.P.), the earliest Neolithic culture found in the lower Yangtze Region, is mainly distributed in the upstream of Qiantang River. In Qu River, the settlements of Shangshan Culture present linear distribution along the second fluvial terrace in the southern bank. This study discusses the correlation between topographic characteristics and the settlement selection based on the analysis of fluvial terraces, hypsometric integral of mountainous watersheds and stream-net density. Terrain analysis reveals that, compared to the southern bank, which has three levels of broad fluvial terraces, the northern bank is lack of the highest terrace and the floodplain is scarce. The mountainous watersheds in the middle reach are less developed compared to the upstream and downstream in Qu River, while the mountainous watersheds in the northern bank are also less developed than the southern ones. The stream-net density is mainly controlled by the development stage of watershed, but also affected by faults and lithology. The mountainous watersheds behind the Shangshan Culture sites are well developed with abundant stream and gentle slope, which are accessible for collecting and hunting, and also unsusceptible to landslides and debris flows. Consequently, with the broad floodplain in the southern lower reach, the second fluvial terrace in the southern bank of Qu River is a good habitat for occupation.