低序级断层地震描述技术与应用
Seismic Characterization Technology and Application of Low-Grade Faults

区域宏观断裂系统分析是勘探阶段的研究重点，在油田方案设计、实施、调整阶段，需要进一步加深对断层的认识，尤其是低序级断层的识别。准确合理的断层识别是落实油气田构造和确定注采井网的关键因素。常规的断裂识别通常是在三维地震数据体上进行人工识别或者仅借助于方差体进行宏观指导，精度难以满足开发需求。在本研究中，采用中值滤波和谱白化技术来提高数据质量，消除采集和处理带来的噪声。重点研究了A油田的叠后三维地震数据中提取的相干性和曲率属性，在此基础上计算蚂蚁体以描述低序级的断层和裂缝带。研究区共识别出27条断层，主要呈北东–南西走向。对三维地震资料的解释性处理和属性分析，有效地提高了我们对储层复杂性的认识，有助于探测和识别研究区的低序级断层和裂缝带。
Regional macroscopic fault system analysis is the focus of the exploration stage. In the stage of oil field project design, implementation and adjustment, it is necessary to further deepen the understanding of faults, especially the identification of low-grade faults. Accurate and reasonable fault identification is the key factor to carry out the structure of oil and gas field and determine the injection-production well network. The conventional fault identification is usually done manually on the 3D seismic data body or only by means of the variance body for macroscopic guidance, so the accuracy is difficult to meet the development needs. In this study, we applied a median filter and spectral whitening to enhance the data quality and remove noise resulted from acquisition and processing effects. We focus on coherence and curvature attributes extracted from the post-stack 3D seismic data acquired in A Oilfield. On this basis, the ant cube is calculated to describe the fault and fracture zone of low order stage. A total of 27 faults have been identified in the study area; the direction is mainly in North East-South West. Seismic data conditioning and seismic attribute analyses applied to the 3-D seismic data effectively increase our understanding of the reservoir complex and help detect and identify low-grade faults and fracture zones in the study area.