Follow Up of Hypertensive Patients at Regional Hospital of Bafoussam, West Cameroon: Biochemical Profiles in Naive and Hypotensive Drug Treated Patients
Objective: The aim of this work was to study the effects of antihypertensive therapies on
certain metabolic parameters in hypertensive patients. Methods: A
cross-sectional and analytical study conducted within the Bafoussam Regional
Hospital on 343 patients including 99 normotensives and 244 hyperten-sives
distributed in 71 patients naive to treatment and 173 patients under treatment
(84 under monotherapy, 67 under bitherapy and 21 under trithera-py). The
antihypertensive medications were recorded from the medical records. A
questionnaire survey was administered to study participants and potential risk
factors for hypertension sought. Blood and urine samples were collected for
lipid, renal and hepatic disorder analysis. Two blood pressure measure-ments enabled
us to diagnose hypertensive patients. Measurements of biochemical parameters
such as total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides,
creatinine, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine
aminotransferase (ALT), potassium, chloride and calcium were done in serum by
methods resulting from commercial kits. Results: Calcium Channel Blockers were
significantly associated with increases in blood potassium (odd-ratios (OR) =
8.63, p = 0.036) and sodium (OR = 0.20, p = 0.037). Angiotensin-converting
enzyme/Angiotensin II receptor blockers were significantly associated with an
increase in plasma activity of ASAT (OR = 0.12, p = 0.03) whereas Diuretics
were significantly associated with an increase in ALAT plasma activity (OR = 0.003,
p = 0.012). Dual therapies were associated with highest frequencies of
hypercreatininemia (41.8%) and hyperglyce-mia (44.8%) whereas
hypocholesterolemia HDL (38.1%) was most observed in hypertensive patients on
triple therapy. The different therapies resulted in very low frequencies of
abnormal liver profiles (in general almost all below 10%). Tritherapy had the
most beneficial effects on the different profiles, with no cases of
hyperkalemia, glycosuria, hypochloremia, hematuria, hyponatremia, total hypercholesterolemia,
ALAT and ASAT hyperactivity. Conclusion: Triple therapy should be recommended
as it has the most beneficial effects on metabolic parameters in the study population.
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